[{"id":1435,"date":"2021-04-13T08:52:00","date_gmt":"2021-04-13T12:52:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/intstudies\/?page_id=1435"},"modified":"2021-04-13T08:52:00","modified_gmt":"2021-04-13T12:52:00","slug":"bulletin-updates","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/bulletin-updates\/","title":{"rendered":"Bulletin Updates"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":246,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"class_list":["post-1435","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1435","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/246"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1435"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1435\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":1401,"date":"2020-11-20T14:35:47","date_gmt":"2020-11-20T19:35:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/intstudies\/?page_id=1401"},"modified":"2024-01-18T15:11:33","modified_gmt":"2024-01-18T20:11:33","slug":"senior-project-abstracts-2021","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/senior-project-abstracts-2021\/","title":{"rendered":"Senior Project Abstracts &#8211; 2021"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a name=\"Albright\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4>How Gender Bias and China\u2019s One Child Policy Led to the Human Trafficking Crisis in China<\/h4>\n<p>Tenley Albright, 2021<\/p>\n<p>Sexism and gender bias have existed in China for thousands of years. Sexism can be<br \/>\nfound in Chinese literature, characters, and religion. Chinese culture displays a pattern of<br \/>\npreference for sons over daughters. The One Child Policy was a policy that magnified this bias<br \/>\nand created a gender gap between males and females. The deeply engrained gender roles in<br \/>\nChina created a large sex ratio at birth in which far more males survived to adulthood than<br \/>\nfemales. This problem still impacts China today and has led to a gender disparity in which there<br \/>\nis a demand for women, specifically brides. This demand has led to an increase in human<br \/>\ntrafficking of women into China. In this work, I intend to explore the deep-rooted sexism that<br \/>\nexists in many aspects of Chinese culture, including Chinese language, religion and literature. I<br \/>\nwill then discuss the One Child Policy and how when paired with Chinese ideas surrounding<br \/>\ngender, it led to the severe gender gap that exists today. Lastly, I will examine the human<br \/>\ntrafficking crisis that occurred and explore the causes of this and the ways the Chinese<br \/>\ngovernment is trying to combat this issue.<\/p>\n<p><i>Major track: East Asia<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Project Adviso<\/i><i>r<\/i><i>: Sharon Wesoky<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Language Advisor: Xiaoling Shi (Chinese)<\/i><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a name=\"Darris\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4><span data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;The Impacts of Education on Marital Practices in Morocco&quot;}\" data-sheets-userformat=\"{&quot;2&quot;:14851,&quot;3&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:0},&quot;4&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:16777215},&quot;12&quot;:0,&quot;14&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:2105636},&quot;15&quot;:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;16&quot;:10}\">The Impacts of Education on Marital Practices in Morocco<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Samantha Darris, 2021<\/p>\n<p>Higher education among young adults in Morocco have increased tremendously in the past ten years, nearly 25%. A significant rise in college enrollment will undoubtedly have an impact on any society; however, many of the cultural and interpersonal affects higher education may have go unrecognized. While GDP growth, labor participation, and immigration are all critical factors to measure the changes in a quickly evolving country like Morocco, examining the cultural and social shifts that may occur are equally critical to better understand how a country is changing. This project identifies, measures and analyzes the impacts of higher education on Moroccan marital practices, to unveil unknown correlations within Moroccan society. Throughout this research, factors such as health, priorities, age, labor, and the circumstances through which spouses meet are investigated in both scholarly and statistical approaches. Utilizing literature from scholars of varying fields of study, this paper explores these factors in order to relate it to the question at hand by using computational calculations to determine the direct correlation between these effects and education over the last ten years. The results of this study are displayed on a website that is widely accessible, making this information useful to anyone who may have misconceptions about varying Moroccan marital practices and why they have changed in the last ten years.<\/p>\n<p><i>Major track: Middle East<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Project Adviso<\/i><i>r<\/i><i>:\u00a0Janyl Jumadinova and Brian Miller<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Language Advisor: Reem Hilal (Arabic)<\/i><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a name=\"Dunham\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4>Critiquing the &#8216;Pink Tide&#8217;: Assessing the Shortcomings of Progressive, Populist Politics of 21st-Century Latin America<\/h4>\n<p>Sam Dunham, 2021<\/p>\n<p>Recent decades in Latin America have seen considerable political instability that has hindered the region from maintaining consistent development. More than perhaps any other region in the world, Latin America seems uniquely prone to irrational and insecure political undulations. One such political wave was the Pink Tide, a group of progressive, populist presidents who rose to power in the early 2000s. This movement was considered to possess the potential to positively alter the landscape of Latin American politics. However, the ensuing wave of conservative leaders in the very same nations would suggest that the movement was not entirely successful. This study aims to investigate the Pink Tide as a means to understand the ideologies, policies, and behaviors which led to the group\u2019s meteoric rise and fall. Using specific case studies in Brazil, Argentina, and Bolivia, this research paper will critique each representative of the Pink Tide and arrive at a comprehensive conclusion as to why this group of bold and innovative presidents failed to enact meaningful reform in the region.<\/p>\n<p><i>Major track: Latin America<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Project Adviso<\/i><i>r<\/i><i>: Kal\u00e9 Haywood<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Language Advisor: Wilfredo Hern\u00e1ndez (Spanish)<\/i><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a name=\"Hartwiger\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4>Tekk Teggui and Tontines: Microfinance\u2019s Solutions to Exclusionary Neoliberal Policy in Senegal<\/h4>\n<p>Erin Hartwiger, 2021<\/p>\n<p>This project seeks to evaluate the impact of microfinance on the welfare of Senegalese women through participant observation, oral history interviews, and a case study of FDEA Microfinance. The project explores the effectiveness of microfinance institutions, in terms of their goals of financial inclusion and increasing gender equality. Additionally, the project investigates the extent to which MFIs have adapted their products to Senegal&#8217;s cultural context and the outcomes of this adaptation. I answer these questions in part through interviewing four Senegalese women involved in microfinance and tontines, relying on their expertise to assess the dominant narratives about microfinance. Microfinance is a widely used strategy for addressing gender inequality in development and the gaps left in social programs after the implementation of structural adjustment programs. Within the context of neoliberal ideology that places responsibility for development on the shoulders of individuals (specifically, women), this study asserts that microfinance increases women&#8217;s access to financial services, may provide opportunities for women to better the lives of themselves and their families, and utilizes their own knowledge, community support, and social connections to succeed. However, there is a dearth of continuing support which must be present in order to promote women&#8217;s empowerment through financial inclusion.<\/p>\n<p><i>Major track: West Africa (self-designed)<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Project Adviso<\/i><i>r<\/i><i>: Stephen Onyeiwu\u00a0<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Language Advisor: Laura Reeck (French)<\/i><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a name=\"Jones\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4>The Beauty in the Chinese Dream: The Realities\/Implications of Women in China&#8217;s Consumerist Society<\/h4>\n<p>Markeyda Jones, 2021<\/p>\n<p>This project seeks to evaluate the impact of microfinance on the welfare of Senegalese women through participant observation, oral history interviews, and a case study of FDEA Microfinance. The project explores the effectiveness of microfinance institutions, in terms of their goals of financial inclusion and increasing gender equality. Additionally, the project investigates the extent to which MFIs have adapted their products to Senegal&#8217;s cultural context and the outcomes of this adaptation. I answer these questions in part through interviewing four Senegalese women involved in microfinance and tontines, relying on their expertise to assess the dominant narratives about microfinance. Microfinance is a widely used strategy for addressing gender inequality in development and the gaps left in social programs after the implementation of structural adjustment programs. Within the context of neoliberal ideology that places responsibility for development on the shoulders of individuals (specifically, women), this study asserts that microfinance increases women&#8217;s access to financial services, may provide opportunities for women to better the lives of themselves and their families, and utilizes their own knowledge, community support, and social connections to succeed. However, there is a dearth of continuing support which must be present in order to promote women&#8217;s empowerment through financial inclusion.<\/p>\n<p><i>Major track: East Asia<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Project Adviso<\/i><i>r<\/i><i>: Sharon Wesoky<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Language Advisor: Xiaoling Shi (Chinese)<\/i><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a name=\"Keane-Paul\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4>German Textbooks in the 1950&#8217;s and 1960&#8217;s: The Historical Narrative and the <em>Vergangenheitsbew\u00e4ltigung<\/em><\/h4>\n<p>Sam Keane-Paul, 2021<\/p>\n<p><em>from the Introduction:<\/em> The guilt of the events of the Holocaust is unique for the collective memory and historical narrative of Germany. In today&#8217;s society it is most important that we understand our history and own historical narrative. If one avoids this historical truth, then one is prone to repeat the mistakes of the past. Overall, this work aims to examine the development of both German states by recognizing how historical narratives such as intentionalism in German Holocaust acknowledgment can have different outcomes based on the intent of the power pushing that narrative.<\/p>\n<p><i>Major track: Europe<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Project Adviso<\/i><i>r<\/i><i>: Brian Miller<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Language Advisor: Julia Ludewig (German)<\/i><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a name=\"Sanchez-Esparza\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4>\u00a1El Estado opresor es un macho violador!: Feminist Mobilization against the Femicide State of Mexico<\/h4>\n<p>Yadira S\u00e1nchez-Esparza, 2021<\/p>\n<p>Mexico currently averages ten femicides daily and is also home to Ciudad Juarez, a city at one point coined the femicide capital of the world. The watershed to this excessive and brutal gendered violence has been named by academics and activists alike as the implementation of the neoliberal economic policy known as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1993. In response, feminist mobilization has increased to specifically address the cultures of violence that exist in the economic, political and social systems that foster the impunity of the murders. Yet, currently the academic literature is lacking surrounding this new wave of feminism, its ideals, goals and overall impact in Mexico. Thus, this project will use specific examples to show how feminists in Mexico mobilize to deconstruct the femicide state of Mexico also known as <em>el Estado feminicida.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><i>Major track: Latin America<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Project Adviso<\/i><i>r<\/i><i>: Barbara Shaw<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Language Advisor: Wilfredo Hern\u00e1ndez (Spanish)<\/i><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a name=\"Silvester\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4>Full Dollarization as a Means of Development in Latin America<\/h4>\n<p>Joseph Silvester, 2021<\/p>\n<p>The purpose of this investigation is to determine the functionality of the full dollarization process and if it promotes development within Latin America. Full dollarization is when a country fully gives up its own currency and replaces it with the United States dollar. By looking at the three countries that have fully dollarized, which are Panama, Ecuador, and El Salvador, the consequences of this process can be analyzed. The positive and negative effects on trade, GDP, inflation, interest rates, corruption, etc., are discussed for the three countries. The perceptions of the citizens of each of these countries are also consulted in order to come to conclusions about both the economic and social consequences that these countries have experienced. The research finds that full dollarization is successful in promoting development within a country that is experiencing high levels of inflation. The inherent stability and lowering of both inflation and interest rates will hold beneficial consequences in promoting foreign investment and market confidence. Full dollarization is not advised for all of Latin America, but countries such as Venezuela and Argentina may benefit with a full dollarization in the near future to help them with hyperinflation.<\/p>\n<p><i>Major track: Latin America<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Project Adviso<\/i><i>r<\/i><i>: Chris Finaret<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Language Advisor: Wilfredo Hern\u00e1ndez (Spanish)<\/i><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a name=\"TorresCabrera\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4>French Development Aid in Senegal: An analysis of French bilateral, multilateral, and non-<br \/>\ngovernmental project models<\/h4>\n<p>Melanie Torres Cabrera, 2021<\/p>\n<p>As developing countries in Africa continue to strive towards greater economic<br \/>\ndevelopment with the help of countries like France, it is important to analyze how development<br \/>\naid policies are adjusted to address beneficiary countries\u2019 needs. My research focuses<br \/>\nspecifically on the case of France and Senegal. I analyze how France adjusts its development aid<br \/>\npolicies to address development needs in Senegal in terms of bilateral, multilateral, and private<br \/>\nnon-governmental projects. I argue that differences in priorities between French development aid<br \/>\npolicy and the Senegalese government\u2019s development goals create disharmony and inefficiency<br \/>\nin the implementation of development aid. I also argue that non-state actors like NGOs and<br \/>\nmigrant groups are a useful resource to identify gaps in current France\u2019s approach to<br \/>\ndevelopment aid in Senegal and identify potential areas of improvement for future development<br \/>\nprojects and objectives. Through my research, I find that France\u2019s institutional objectives<br \/>\nremained largely the same across bilateral, multilateral, and non-governmental projects.<br \/>\nHowever, differences between project objectives and institutional\/state goals cause issues with<br \/>\naid effectiveness and often lead to a disproportionate concentration of aid in urban regions near<br \/>\nthe Dakar area. Additionally, I find that countries with slightly more developed economies, like<br \/>\nSenegal, are more likely to obtain higher amounts of bilateral aid in the form of loans than<br \/>\ncountries like the Democratic Republic of Congo. Furthermore, I find that France uses bilateral,<br \/>\nmultilateral, and non-governmental projects to either expand the scope of its development aid<br \/>\npolicy or reinforce existing institutional objectives\/preferences. Ultimately, I find that France<br \/>\nadjusts its use of the three mentioned mechanisms for development aid policy in accordance to a<br \/>\ncountry&#8217;s development as well as its own scope of influence.<\/p>\n<p><i>Major track: West Africa\u00a0<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Project Adviso<\/i><i>rs<\/i><i>: Chris Finaret, Shanna Kirschner\u00a0<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Language Advisor: Laura Reeck (French)<\/i><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>How Gender Bias and China\u2019s One Child Policy Led to the Human Trafficking Crisis in China Tenley Albright, 2021 Sexism and gender bias have existed in China for thousands of years. Sexism can be found in Chinese literature, characters, and religion. Chinese culture displays a pattern of preference for sons over daughters. The One Child [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"mt-5\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/senior-project-abstracts-2021\/\">Continue Reading &#8220;Senior Project Abstracts &#8211; 2021&#8221;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":560,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"class_list":["post-1401","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1401","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/560"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1401"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1401\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1401"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":1275,"date":"2020-04-08T10:41:56","date_gmt":"2020-04-08T14:41:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/intstudies\/?page_id=1275"},"modified":"2020-11-19T09:26:52","modified_gmt":"2020-11-19T14:26:52","slug":"senior-project-abstracts-2020","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/senior-project-abstracts-2020\/","title":{"rendered":"Senior Project Abstracts-2020"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a name=\"Adesiji\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4>Building Political Will for a Pro-Environment President<\/h4>\n<p>Akeem Adesiji, 2020<\/p>\n<p>The United States (US) has the knowledge and power necessary to spark a new global revolution towards a low carbon future that works for everyone. At the moment however, the US federal government is sitting as a major roadblock to any major global effort to address climate change. In the US, climate change is a politically divisive issue falling generally along party lines. This paper focuses on finding a way to build political will for a pro-environment candidate in the swing states of Michigan and Pennsylvania. We use case studies from successful pro-environment candidates in similar areas and read into the changing role of social media in elections to create a climate communication plan for the 2020 Democratic candidate. The results highlight some of the shortcomings of the candidates from the case studies, but also provide valuable lessons that have been incorporated into the communication plan. The plan I propose is a general guide that aims to help politicians overcome the political divisions created around climate change to create the political will for a president who will lead the world towards a low carbon future.<\/p>\n<p><i>Major track: Latin America<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Project Adviso<\/i><i>rs<\/i><i>: Eric Pallant, Chris Finaret<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Language Advisor: Barbara Riess (Spanish)<\/i><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>MORENA: Emergence and Consolidation of Left Parties in Mexico<\/h4>\n<p>Giancarlo Aguilar, 2020<\/p>\n<p>On July 1st, 2018, Andr\u00e9s Manuel L\u00f3pez Obrador won the general elections in a historic election in modern Mexican history. This democratic process revealed a long history of the Mexican left in a country that is still considered in transition to liberal democracy. In this paper, I examine how left parties emerged in Mexico and what processes took place to consolidate these parties within the Mexican system. Through a comparative study between two left parties: The Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD) and the Party of the National Regeneration Movement (MORENA), we see how the national context and the personality of the candidates can change the emergence and consolidation dynamics. Moreover, the most influential left leaders on the Mexican left are Cuauht\u00e9moc C\u00e1rdenas (PRD) and Andr\u00e9s Manuel L\u00f3pez Obrador (MORENA). Lastly, I conclude that the PRD demonstrated successful emergence during the Single-party system but did not reach consolidation during the transition to democracy period. On the other side, MORENA presents the same emergence characteristics of its predecessor, the PRD, and achieves partial consolidation in the Mexican party system.<\/p>\n<p><i>Major track: Latin America<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Project Adviso<\/i><i>r<\/i><i>: Shannan Mattiace<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Language Advisor: Wilfredo Hern\u00e1ndez (Spanish)<\/i><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a name=\"Awe\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4>Reconciliation in Post-Conflict Peru: The Impact of the Transitional Justice Measures on the Indigenous Population<\/h4>\n<p>Samantha Awe, 2020<\/p>\n<p>The objective of this thesis is to examine the effectiveness of transitional justice measures in affecting change regarding historically marginalized populations. I will use the measures taken by Peru following their twenty-year armed conflict as a case study. My research focuses on the implementation of the Comprehensive Reparations Plan (PIR) that was recommended by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (CVR). I have chosen to explore this particular conflict and subsequent transitional justice measure since the majority of victims were part of the large Quechua-speaking indigenous population, and thus the process relied heavily on their participation. In the first chapter, I will look at the theories of transitional justice and the advantages and disadvantages of the restorative and retributive approaches to justice. In chapter two, I will explore the factors of the armed conflict and the implementation of the CVR, including its conclusions and recommendations. Following in chapter three, I will examine the implementation of the PIR and the subsequent effects on the political participation and rights of the Peruvian indigenous population. Lastly, to better understand the current state of society in relation to the indigenous identity and culture, I will analyze the film, La teta asustada. Based on my findings, the effectiveness of transitional justice measures is dependent on the implementation of societal changes in which the participation and inclusion of the marginalized population is paramount. Otherwise, societies will become stagnant and continue to perpetrate the same inequalities and violence as before.<\/p>\n<p><i>Major track: Latin America<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Project Adviso<\/i><i>r<\/i><i>: Shannan Mattiace<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Language Advisor: Wilfredo Hern\u00e1ndez (Spanish)<\/i><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a name=\"Bilger\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4>\u201cQue sea ley\u201d: La Campa\u00f1a por el Derecho al Aborto Legal, Seguro y Gratuito y la lucha por los derechos reproductivos en Argentina<\/h4>\n<p>Kayla Bilger, 2020<\/p>\n<p>This project sets out to investigate the Argentine social movement called La Campa\u00f1a por el Derecho al Aborto Legal, Seguro y Gratuito (La Campa\u00f1a). La Campa\u00f1a has been active for nearly fifteen years and has been fighting to achieve the legalization of and access to abortion in Argentina. Additionally, they seek access to contraception and sexual education, and the expansion of women\u2019s and reproductive rights in general. Through the analysis of the history of Argentina, social movement theory literature, and La Campa\u00f1a itself, the end goal of this project is to answer the question of success for this ongoing movement. Has it been successful or not? Through examining the context La Campa\u00f1a exits within, the particular social, cultural, political, historic and economic climate of Argentina, this project begins to uncover the meaning of success for this specific movement. Does success mean achieving the legalization of abortion? Or are there more layers to success for this modern social movement? Although abortion remains illegal in Argentina, I come to the conclusion that numerous other indicators suggest that La Campa\u00f1a has seen substantial success in Argentine society. In addition, the legalization of abortion being in the near future is a strong possibility.<\/p>\n<p>El proyecto se propone investigar el movimiento social en Argentina, La Campa\u00f1a por el Derecho al Aborto Legal, Seguro y Gratuito (La Campa\u00f1a). Hace casi quince a\u00f1os que La Campa\u00f1a empez\u00f3 a luchar para lograr la legalizaci\u00f3n y el acceso al aborto en Argentina. Adem\u00e1s, quiere aumentar al acceso a los anticonceptivos, la educaci\u00f3n sexual, y los derechos reproductivos y de las mujeres en general. A trav\u00e9s del an\u00e1lisis de la historia de Argentina, la literatura de la teor\u00eda de los movimientos sociales y La Campa\u00f1a, me gustar\u00eda hacer una conclusi\u00f3n sobre el \u00e9xito del movimiento social. \u00bfLogr\u00f3 el \u00e9xito o no? El proyecto examina el significado del \u00e9xito para La Campa\u00f1a a trav\u00e9s del clima social, cultural, pol\u00edtico, hist\u00f3rico y econ\u00f3mico particular de Argentina. \u00bfLa legalizaci\u00f3n del aborto se traduce en el \u00e9xito? \u00bfO hay m\u00e1s niveles de \u00e9xito para este movimiento social? Aunque el aborto todav\u00eda est\u00e1 ilegal en Argentina, yo concluyo que hay otra evidencia que sugiere que La Campa\u00f1a ha sido exitosa en Argentina. Adem\u00e1s, la legalizaci\u00f3n del aborto es una gran posibilidad pr\u00f3ximamente.<\/p>\n<p><i>Major track: Latin America<\/i><\/p>\n<p><em>Additional major: Spanish<\/em><\/p>\n<p><i>Project Adviso<\/i><i>r<\/i><i>: Shannan Mattiace<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Language Advisor: Barbara Riess (Spanish)<\/i><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a name=\"Campbell\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4>Effect of Democratization on the Mexican Teachers&#8217; Union<\/h4>\n<p>Brianna Campbell, 2020<\/p>\n<p>This study examines the effect of democratization on the teachers\u2019 union in Mexico. Previous studies have found key educational reforms that have taken place before and after democratization. Before democratization, the teachers\u2019 union had aligned with the powerful PRI to accumulate an array of privileges that would help them maintain power for years to come. Democratization took place in 2000 when Vicente Fox was elected president and knocked the PRI from power after 70 years. The teachers\u2019 union had to shift their alliances with political parties that sought to diminish their power by implementing education reforms. Democratization was seen as an opportunity for the teachers\u2019 union to expand their influence into the political realm where they accumulate an abundance of advantages for union members. The evidence presented here has found that the SNTE under democracy wanted to maintain power, prevent education reforms, and gain more autonomy. The teachers\u2019 union before democratization used their corporatist relationship with the PRI to fight for more power and influence within the educational system.<\/p>\n<p><i>Major track: Latin America<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Project Adviso<\/i><i>r<\/i><i>: Kale Haywood<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Language Advisor: Barbara Riess (Spanish)<\/i><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a name=\"Castellon\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4>A History of the Multi-Generational Quest for Full Citizenship From Colonial Algeria to Post-Colonial France<\/h4>\n<p>George Castellon Castillo, 2020<\/p>\n<p>In France, the struggle for full citizenship and inclusion of the Algerian community into French society have been long-standing issues that go back to when Algeria was a colony of France. Algerians have struggled for many generations to find their place in French society due to their colonial past and the insufficient efforts from the French government to grant Algerians equal status and citizenship. This research uses the political and social context of France during the 1980s as the centerpiece to the Algerian community\u2019s multi-generational struggle for full citizenship and inclusion into French society. Subjects that are closely focused on are the second generation Algerians in France or the Beurs and the social movement in 1983 for citizenship rights and addressing xenophobia called, the March for Equality and Against Racism. The Beurs\u2019 social movement protested issues like systemic racism with the police and judicial courts while also pushing against xenophobia within the French national discourse. The Beur generation took a stand against the issues the North African migrant community faced in France and acknowledged the multi-generational struggle for full citizenship. In order to understand the historical context of the Beurs and the multi-generational struggle of the Algerian community. It is also examined the impact that Algerian migration had in France throughout the colonial and postcolonial periods which enabled the growth of the Algerian community in France. This research explains how both the parents and grandparents of the Beurs were pioneers in moving to France to find a better life and transform their destinies. All the research concludes with an analysis of the Beur generation\u2019s activism and the March. As far as the Beurs were able to progress in gaining rights for immigrants and the North African migrant community in France, overall their impact did not last long. Racism and xenophobia continued to persist in French society while also the Algerian community were still deprived of full citizenship.<\/p>\n<p><i>Major track: Europe<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Project Adviso<\/i><i>r<\/i><i>: Laura Reeck<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Language Advisor: Laura Reeck (French)<\/i><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a name=\"Cinquino\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4>Why is Mexico\u2019s PRD party in decline?: A case study of the cycle of a political party<\/h4>\n<p>Elyse Cinquino, 2020<\/p>\n<p>The purpose of this project is to investigate the current status of the Mexican political party, The Party of the Democratic Revolution(PRD). The PRD has been one of Mexico\u2019s three prominent political parties since the party\u2019s creation in 1989. However, despite its beginning prominence in Mexican politics, it is not currently as successful and is considered the least significant of the four main political parties in Mexico. The PRD\u2019s current situation is a particularly interesting case as the project tries to examine various internal and external causes of its decline. This project will discuss internal party fragmentation, lack of ideological consistency, cases of corruption and emergence of The National Regeneration Movement(MORENA) party as reasons for the PRD\u2019s decline. I conclude that the main cause of PRD\u2019s failures is from its inability to bring together all of the leftist groups and social movements collaboratively in their ideologies and goals for the party. The PRD chose to make democratic change through elections. These time and resources needed to accomplish these goals often took away focus from improvements that needed to be fixed internally to advance the party and prevent conflicts. The emergence of the MORENA party has put the PRD as the secondary party of the left, a position they may not be able to leave if internal issues are not addressed.<\/p>\n<p><i>Major track: Latin America<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Project Adviso<\/i><i>r<\/i><i>: Shannan Mattiace<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Language Advisor: Wilfredo Hern\u00e1ndez (Spanish)<\/i><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a name=\"Clark\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4>In The Name of Liberation: The Resiliency of the CONAIE and Its Ability to Maintain Its Autonomy<\/h4>\n<p>Skyler Clark, 2020<\/p>\n<p>Within the past three decades, indigenous social movements have emerged with the<br \/>\npurpose of fighting the elitist control bourgeois classes have displayed for hundreds of years.<br \/>\nAmongst these social movements, the ascendance of one particular organization called the<br \/>\nConfederaci\u00f3n de Nacionalidades Ind\u00edgenas del Ecuador (CONAIE) has caught the attention of<br \/>\nmany scholars, theorists, critics, politicians, revolutionaries, and indigenous ethnic identities.<br \/>\nWithin this study it will evaluate the dynamics of social movements and political parties, as well<br \/>\nas how these two groups form relationships between each other. Additionally, I will go on to<br \/>\nanalyze the early history of indigenous populations, liberation theology, CONAIE itself, and its<br \/>\nconnection to the Pachakutik political movement, while reflecting on how the impacts of the past<br \/>\ncan still be seen in the present indigenous fight for social justice. The primary objective of my<br \/>\nresearch is to gain a comprehensive understanding of how a social organization, such as the<br \/>\nCONAIE, can maintain its autonomy despite having political party affiliations. I conclude that<br \/>\nthe CONAIE has successfully been able to preserve its independence from political parties<br \/>\nthrough the remembrance of historical traumas, preservation of ancestral ties, maintenance of its<br \/>\nprimary objectives, and previous success attained through its own efforts. In their fight against<br \/>\nsocial injustice, the CONAIE still works towards creating a plurinational state and a united,<br \/>\nheterogeneous society.<\/p>\n<p><i>Major track: Latin America<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Project Adviso<\/i><i>r<\/i><i>: Shannan Mattiace<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Language Advisor: Wilfredo Hern\u00e1ndez (Spanish)<\/i><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a name=\"Fodor\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4>Socio-Cultural and Structural Barriers to HIV Public Health Interventions in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan<\/h4>\n<p>Madeline Fodor, 2020<\/p>\n<p>The public health response to HIV\/AIDS in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan is characterized by a dearth of publicly available information. This dearth makes it difficult to evaluate the HIV\/AIDS situation and measure the effectiveness of health interventions to contain the spread of the disease, on the one hand, and improve the quality of life of people living with HIV (PLHIV) on the other. This research documents available public health data and highlights discrepancies between official government initiatives and the on-the-ground action taken to combat HIV\/AIDS by national public health programs and agencies. It argues that deeply rooted socio-cultural factors shape the public health response to HIV\/AIDS and also inform societal reactions to the disease. It suggests that barriers inhibiting open, frank discussion of HIV are related to cultural taboos in Jordan around the topics of sex and sexuality. These taboos are often interfused with moral discourses and religious sanctions pertaining to sexuality in Jordan and in the Arab world generally. It also examines the ways in which aspects of tribalism in Jordan function to perpetuate rather than mitigate disease stigma, such as the increased emphasis on honor, shame, and reputation, and the pressure to conform to socially normative behavior within tribal societies. It demonstrates that these factors increase the difficulty of providing accessible healthcare for PLHIV in Jordan and worsen the health outcomes of PLHIV. It concludes that HIV\/AIDS should be more highly prioritized as a public health concern, and that subsequent public health interventions should increasingly take into account wider cultural frameworks when designing policies and programs.<\/p>\n<p><i>Major track: Middle East\/North Africa<\/i><\/p>\n<p><em>Additional major: Global Health Studies<\/em><\/p>\n<p><i>Project Adviso<\/i><i>r<\/i><i>: Reem Hilal<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Language Advisor: Reem Hilal (Arabic)<\/i><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a name=\"Franzen\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4>Where is the Apology?: An Interpretation of Historical Commemoration and Collective Memory of the Nanjing Massacre and Its Contemporary Impact<\/h4>\n<p>Kaitlin Franzen, 2020<\/p>\n<p>The Nanjing Massacre occurred in China in 1937 where the Japanese killed approximately 300,000 Chinese people, and raped an unknown number of women. Survivors were left to suffer in silence under first the Japanese during their occupation of China and then under the Chinese Communist Party under Mao Zedong. The lack of remembrance about the Nanjing Massacre lasted until 1982 where the memory was revived by government actors. This project will be a comparative study of the Nanjing Massacre Memorial and the D.C. Holocaust museum in which memory studies and commemorative efforts will be analyzed. Using memory studies methodology, this project will demonstrate how government institutions use memory and commemoration to instrumentalize memory in service to their political agenda. The conclusion of the project shows that the United States government uses the Holocaust for atonement for their lack of action during the Second World War as well as to gain support for the Carter administration. The Nanjing Memorial is funded by the Chinese government to promote Chinese national unity against the Japanese Army and to disprove people who dismiss the Massacre as never occurring.<\/p>\n<p><i>Major track: East Asia<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Project Adviso<\/i><i>r<\/i><i>: Brian Miller<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Language Advisor: Xiaoling Shi (Chinese)<\/i><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a name=\"Kanell\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4>The Pursuit of Diplomacy: Intervention and Implementation of Diplomatic Devices by the United States in Afghanistan<\/h4>\n<p>Kyle Kanell, 2020<\/p>\n<p>As the War in Afghanistan nears its 20th year in duration, efforts by the United States to enact a diplomatic solution remains to be obscured. Persisting combat and selective strikes between the U.S. and Taliban creates obstacles in negotiations and peace talks while also devastating the Afghan people and nation overall. In determining if the actions of the U.S. in Afghanistan are effectively resulting in a diplomatic objective, key diplomatic devices and concepts are broken down and applied to the U.S. actions in the Afghan conflict. The use of hard and soft power elements is evident within the U.S. policies and overall strategy for the conflict, but they are unbalanced in their implementation. Unfortunately, there is also discrepancy between what is said in policy and what is done on the ground in Afghanistan. As the War in Afghanistan persists, so does the progression of diplomatic attempts by the U.S. and Afghan government. Implementing a new strategy of smart power initiatives, being the most effective device to be used in the approach of diplomacy, should be adopted by the U.S. in order to achieve a diplomatic resolve for the War in Afghanistan.<\/p>\n<p><i>Major track: Middle East\/Northern Africa<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Project Adviso<\/i><i>r<\/i><i>: Shanna Kirschner<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Language Advisor: Sami Alkyam (Arabic)<\/i><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a name=\"Knight\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4>The Catalonian Independence Movement: What factors would allow for Catalonia to become independent and how would the region&#8217;s secession affect the country of Spain?<\/h4>\n<p>Rayshon Knight, II, 2020<\/p>\n<p>This research analysis aims to investigate the question: can the Spanish region of Catalonia become independent and, if so, how would this affect Spain? The research will focus on two major areas: the role of the economy and the role of intergovernmental organizations. These two areas will be pivotal in the conflict to determine whether succession is possible and to investigate the possible effects independence would have on both Spain and the region itself. This research found that Catalonian independence would not be sustainable given the circumstances surrounding the movement, such as prohibiting Catalonia from being able to join any intergovernmental organizations. It also discovered that, economically, neither Spain nor Catalonia would benefit from Catalonia becoming an independent region in Europe.<\/p>\n<p><i>Major track: Europe<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Project Adviso<\/i><i>r<\/i><i>: Teresa Herrera<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Language Advisor: Teresa Herrera (Spanish)<\/i><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a name=\"Mauro\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4>State Repression against Soccer Ultras: A Comparative Case Study of Turkey and Egypt<\/h4>\n<p>Eve Laden Mauro, 2020<\/p>\n<p>Soccer has been a medium for political and ideological positions to be formed and expressed, opening the doors to a new revolution within the stadium. As activists, revolutionaries, and militant fans gather together, soccer has become an arena where autonomy and dissent can be shared. The role of ultra supporters in the Egyptian Revolution in 2011 and the Turkish Gezi Park protests in 2013 are cases where supporters represent larger demands for systematic freedoms. The findings of this paper suggest that ultras were effective in leading and protecting protesters, enabling each movement to expand their reach. Furthermore, each government\u2019s response tactics were harsh and restrictive, and analysis indicates that the more authoritarian the regime, and the more extreme protesters&#8217; demands were, the less space leaders were willing to concede.<\/p>\n<p><i>Major track: Middle East\/North Africa<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Project Adviso<\/i><i>r<\/i><i>: Shanna Kirschner<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Language Advisor: Reem Hilal (Arabic)<\/i><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"freebirdFormviewerViewNumberedItemContainer\">\n<div class=\"freebirdFormviewerViewItemsItemItem freebirdFormviewerViewItemsTextTextItem\" role=\"listitem\" data-required=\"true\" data-item-id=\"1005568974\">\n<div class=\"freebirdFormviewerViewItemsTextItemWrapper freebirdFormviewerViewItemsTextTextItemContainer\">\n<p><a name=\"McCrary\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"freebirdFormviewerViewItemsTextShortText freebirdFormviewerViewItemsTextDisabledText freebirdThemedInput\" aria-describedby=\"c254\">African Migrants in Guanzhou<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"freebirdFormviewerViewNumberedItemContainer\">\n<div class=\"freebirdFormviewerViewItemsItemItem freebirdFormviewerViewItemsTextTextItem\" role=\"listitem\" data-required=\"true\" data-item-id=\"775616820\">\n<div class=\"freebirdFormviewerViewItemsItemItemHeader\">\n<div class=\"freebirdFormviewerViewItemsItemItemTitleDescContainer\">\n<div class=\"freebirdFormviewerViewItemsItemItemTitleContainer\">Alexia McCrary, 2020<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Since the early 2000s, Africans have been migrating to China. As of 2018, there were over 600,000 African visitors in China. The aim of this study is to explore whether migration to China offers valuable opportunities to Africans. A central question in this study is whether African migrants are better or worse off in China, compared to their home countries. To address this question, the study focuses on the following themes trends in the migration of Africans to China, the push and pull factors that are driving these trends, and the nature of Chinese immigration policies. By analyzing these three themes, I found that China offers little valuable opportunities for Africans, in other words African migrants in China are better off in their home countries.<\/p>\n<p><i>Major track: East Asia<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Project Adviso<\/i><i>r<\/i><i>: Steve Onyeiwu<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Language Advisor: Xiaoling Shi (Chinese)<\/i><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"freebirdFormviewerViewNumberedItemContainer\">\n<div class=\"freebirdFormviewerViewItemsItemItem freebirdFormviewerViewItemsTextTextItem\" role=\"listitem\" data-required=\"true\" data-item-id=\"1005568974\">\n<div class=\"freebirdFormviewerViewItemsTextItemWrapper freebirdFormviewerViewItemsTextTextItemContainer\">\n<p><a name=\"McIntire\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"freebirdFormviewerViewItemsTextShortText freebirdFormviewerViewItemsTextDisabledText freebirdThemedInput\" aria-describedby=\"c254\">An Analysis of Mexican Drug Cartel\u2019s Insurgence into Politics<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"freebirdFormviewerViewNumberedItemContainer\">\n<div class=\"freebirdFormviewerViewItemsItemItem freebirdFormviewerViewItemsTextTextItem\" role=\"listitem\" data-required=\"true\" data-item-id=\"775616820\">\n<div class=\"freebirdFormviewerViewItemsItemItemHeader\">\n<div class=\"freebirdFormviewerViewItemsItemItemTitleDescContainer\">\n<div class=\"freebirdFormviewerViewItemsItemItemTitleContainer\">Gabriel McIntire, 2020<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>This project aims to analyze Mexican drug cartels gradual transition from being strictly economic institutions into socio-political ones. Specifically, I wanted to answer the question of why cartels started getting directly involved with political campaigns and financing candidates. This project starts off with a chapter that attempts to answer the question of how cartels in their current iteration evolved in Mexico. The first chapter traces the lineage of cartels from the Medellin Cartel in Colombia under Pablo Escobar. The second chapter focuses on the role that competition had in being a catalyst for the cartels transition. Ultimately it was both the political competition that resulted as the decline of the PRI and the competition between the cartels that resulted from Vicente Fox\u2019s \u201cWar on Drugs\u201d that forced the cartels to look for other sources of income in order to finance their turf wars. The third chapter uses the novel Balas de plata by Elmer Mendoza to examine the cultural perspective of this topic. Through three major themes Balas de plata challenges the government narrative of \u201cotherness\u201d that is used to depict cartels as enemies of the state and form a common enemy for the Mexican people and their government. The final chapter looks forward and provides three possible courses of action for the United States and Mexico to engage in cooperatively bilaterally in order to more effectively combat cartels.<\/p>\n<p><i>Major track: Latin America<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Project Adviso<\/i><i>r<\/i><i>: Shannan Mattiace <\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Language Advisor: Wilfredo Hern\u00e1ndez (Spanish)<\/i><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a name=\"Njoku-obi\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4>Win-Win or Win-Lose?: The Double Edged Sword of Chinese-African Cooperation<\/h4>\n<p>Adaobi Njoku-obi, 2020<\/p>\n<p>Is the relationship between China and Africa mutually beneficial or parasitic? This paper sets out to answer this question through assessing the the use of history, economics, and people to people relations. Through the use of history we are able to better understand the modern relationship between China and Africa. By assessing the economic policies of China in Africa we see if there is truly mutual understanding between the two. By assessing the people to people relationship of China and Africa we see how international organizations like the Forum on China Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) aides in the mutual understanding between China and Africa. By doing these things gain a clearer picture of China in Africa. What I found is that this relationship can be beneficial if certain measures are carried out. Things like aid and trade can help countries but they can also harm them. This paper analyzes the effectiveness of aid, trade, and the FOCAC in Africa to see if the the relationship truly is parasitic or beneficial.<\/p>\n<p><i>Major track: East Asia<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Project Adviso<\/i><i>r<\/i><i>: Steve Onyeiwu<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Language Advisor: Xiaoling Shi (Chinese)<\/i><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a name=\"Shapley\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4>Allegheny &amp; Internationalization<\/h4>\n<p>Sarah Shapley, 2020<\/p>\n<p>Education is used as a tool both for liberation and oppression and when put into the<br \/>\ncontext of internationalization, this education becomes even more important. In order to<br \/>\nunderstand Allegheny\u2019s internationalization with the Middle East North Africa region and the<br \/>\nability to build a connection of solidarity, there is first a need to identify the location of the<br \/>\nscholar who asks this question, as well as the existing literature on internationalization processes<br \/>\nin higher education. In order to explore Allegheny College\u2019s internationalization process with the<br \/>\nMiddle East North Africa region, there is a need to explore the history of Allegheny College\u2019s<br \/>\nfounding and the practices, that when looked through a lens of settler-colonialism and<br \/>\nOrientalism, calls for the need for decolonization of Allegheny College. This then sets up the<br \/>\nneed to investigate how a timeframe of the \u201cWar on Terror\u201d that the United States of America is<br \/>\ncurrently participating in, affects the ability to decolonize higher education. This then moves to<br \/>\nan exploration on the importance of forming solidarity practices. This then leads to a discussion<br \/>\non how other movements have decolonized in settler-colonial nation-states, and in particular in<br \/>\nthe Middle East North Africa region, the teachings that are happening in Palestine and the<br \/>\nimportance of language use in the internationalization process. Through solidarity and a<br \/>\ncommitment to decolonization, new understandings of the world can emerge and be considered.<\/p>\n<p><i>Major track: Middle East &amp; North Africa<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Project Adviso<\/i><i>r<\/i><i>: Shanna Kirschner\u00a0<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Language Advisor: Reem Hilal (Arabic)<\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Building Political Will for a Pro-Environment President Akeem Adesiji, 2020 The United States (US) has the knowledge and power necessary to spark a new global revolution towards a low carbon future that works for everyone. At the moment however, the US federal government is sitting as a major roadblock to any major global effort to [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"mt-5\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/senior-project-abstracts-2020\/\">Continue Reading &#8220;Senior Project Abstracts-2020&#8221;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":441,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"class_list":["post-1275","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1275","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/441"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1275"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1275\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1275"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":1173,"date":"2019-07-12T09:36:05","date_gmt":"2019-07-12T13:36:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/intstudies\/?page_id=1173"},"modified":"2024-11-26T11:30:56","modified_gmt":"2024-11-26T16:30:56","slug":"choosing-courses","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/choosing-courses\/","title":{"rendered":"Choosing Courses"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4>IS Course Information: |\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/sitesmedia.s3.amazonaws.com\/intstudies\/files\/2017\/03\/InternationalStudiesFall2017.docx.pdf\">Fall 2017\u00a0<\/a>|\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/sitesmedia.s3.amazonaws.com\/intstudies\/files\/2017\/11\/International-Studies-Courses-Spring-2018.pdf\">Spring 2018\u00a0<\/a>|\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/intstudies\/files\/2018\/10\/International-Studies-Course-Listing-2018-19-1.pdf\">Fall 2018 +\u00a0Spring 2019\u00a0<\/a>|<a href=\"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/intstudies\/files\/2019\/04\/FINAL-International-Studies-Course-Listing-Fall-2019-III.pdf\">Fall 2019\u00a0<\/a>|<a href=\"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/intstudies\/files\/2019\/10\/International-Studies-Course-Listing-Spring-2020.pdf\">Spring 2020<\/a>|<\/h4>\n<h4>| <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/intstudies\/files\/2020\/11\/International-Studies-Course-Listing-FA20-SP21-2.pdf\">Fall 2020 + Spring 2021<\/a> | <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/intstudies\/files\/2021\/06\/International-Studies-Course-Listing-FA21-rev-06.16.21.pdf\">Fall 2021<\/a> | <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/intstudies\/files\/2021\/12\/UpdatedINTSTcourseinterest.pdf\">Spring 2022<\/a> |<a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1LpaMWkobyi9_9GZesbu0NxtOA1YAxvXF8k83LEUYa8U\/edit?usp=sharing\"> Fall 2022<\/a> | <a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1SIkRbRuV_Nj5nCbfGzacSlFJRUTAnFItC9ciumLITO8\/edit?usp=sharing\">Fall 2025<\/a><\/h4>\n<hr \/>\n\n<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/intstudies\/files\/2021\/06\/IS-degree-audit-form-2021-rev.06.16.21.pdf\">IS Degree Audit Form\u00a0(2021- )<\/a>\u00a0for students entering in academic year 2021 or later<\/h4>\n<hr \/>\n<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/intstudies\/files\/2021\/06\/IS-degree-audit-form-2017-20-rev-06.16.21.pdf\">IS Degree Audit Form\u00a0(2017-20\u00a0 )<\/a>\u00a0for students entering in academic year 2017 through 2020<\/h4>\n<hr \/>\n<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/intstudies\/files\/2021\/06\/IS_degree_audit_form-2016-earlier.pdf\">IS Degree Audit Form (2016 &amp; earlier)\u00a0<\/a>\u00a0for students entering in academic year 2016 or earlier<\/h4>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>IS Course Information: |\u00a0Fall 2017\u00a0|\u00a0Spring 2018\u00a0|\u00a0Fall 2018 +\u00a0Spring 2019\u00a0|Fall 2019\u00a0|Spring 2020| | Fall 2020 + Spring 2021 | Fall 2021 | Spring 2022 | Fall 2022 | Fall 2025 IS Degree Audit Form\u00a0(2021- )\u00a0for students entering in academic year 2021 or later IS Degree Audit Form\u00a0(2017-20\u00a0 )\u00a0for students entering in academic year 2017 through 2020 [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"mt-5\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/choosing-courses\/\">Continue Reading &#8220;Choosing Courses&#8221;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":591,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"class_list":["post-1173","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1173","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/591"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1173"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1173\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1173"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":1098,"date":"2019-04-11T08:47:58","date_gmt":"2019-04-11T12:47:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/intstudies\/?page_id=1098"},"modified":"2020-05-15T16:10:42","modified_gmt":"2020-05-15T20:10:42","slug":"senior-project-abstracts-2019","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/senior-project-abstracts-2019\/","title":{"rendered":"Senior Project Abstracts &#8211; 2019"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><br \/>\n<a name=\"Gamboa\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4>Public Opinion in the case of Syrian Refugees: A Comparative Case Study of Germany and France<\/h4>\n<p>Thea Gamboa, 2019<\/p>\n<p>The Syrian Refugee Crisis affected Europe in a big way in 2015. Many Syrians were trying to go from Turkey into Europe in order to have a better life. This paper tries to unveil why Germany welcomed more Syrian refugees in than France did. It tries to answer the question; What role did public opinion play in France and Germany\u2019s policy to take in Syrian Refugees? I do this by primarily looking at public opinion and how it can affect a country. I also look at the different governments in Germany and France and how they responded to this crisis. Germany and France were also a different stages at the time of the refugee crisis, therefore they were capable of doing different things. France was going through an election, whereas Germany seemed to be going through a prosperous time. This paper also looks at the rise of far-right sentiments in relation with immigration and why this occurs and how it affects policy. These sentiments occurred in both France and Germany at the time. Integration and security were also major components to public opinion. In Germany, it was important that immigrants integrated into society. In France, there was a lot of fear for security because of terrorist attacks that had happened in 2015.<\/p>\n<p><i>Major track: Europe<\/i><\/p>\n<p><em>Additional major: French<\/em><\/p>\n<p><i>Project Adviso<\/i><i>r<\/i><i>: Shanna Kirschner<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Language Advisor: Laura Reeck (French)<\/i><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a name=\"Gomez\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4>&#8220;No Me Gustan Los Moros&#8221;: Racism and Xenophobia in Spain<\/h4>\n<p>Camila Gomez, 2019<\/p>\n<p>This research seeks to understand the complexity and urgency of racist and xenophobic sentiment in Spain, which is unlike elsewhere in Europe. By interrogating its origins, assessing its evolution, and articulating the potential consequences of its proliferation, this research reveals how Spain conceptualizes race and migration in particular ways and has reacted to global political events, such as the Syrian refugee crisis, in particular ways. This investigation is carried out, in part, through the research and advocacy of SOS Racismo, anti-racist non-profit organization. Spanish history and political circumstances have made it an exceptional case for studying these issues, while its geographical positioning on the European Union\u2019s external border with Africa emphasizes the direct relationship between Spain\u2019s political climate and the well-being of the continent. Where Spain is unexceptional, however, is in the political realm; we are witnessing the rise of ultra-right, xenophobic, nationalist parties across the EU, not only Spain, which threaten the very integrity of the Union. As political instability mounts, and the stakes continue to grow, this research seeks to determine what insight can be gleaned from the Spanish example, and, by according racism and xenophobia the attention they deserve, safeguard the future of Spain and the EU.<\/p>\n<p><i>Major track: Europe<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Project Adviso<\/i><i>r<\/i><i>: Brian Miller<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Language Advisor: Teresa Herrera (Spanish)<\/i><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a name=\"Johnson\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4>Lost in Translation: The Global, National, Institutional, and Individual Barriers Limiting Participation in the Erasmus Program<\/h4>\n<p>Abigail Johnson, 2019<\/p>\n<p>The European Union\u2019s (EU) Erasmus Program is one of the most successful study abroad initiatives in higher education, aiding nearly four million students to spend part of their tertiary studies in another European university over the course of 31 years. Nevertheless, despite strong support from politicians and participants, the program has never reached its initial goal of a 10% participation rate among European students. This project analyzes three \u201clevels\u201d of potential hindrances on Erasmus in order to discover why this participation rate has never been achieved: the macro level examines the sway of global trends in higher education and the central role of the EU; the \u201cmeso,\u201d or middle level, explores the impact of national governments, Erasmus+ national agencies, and universities; the micro level investigates the influence of individual factors such as finances, education level, and personal demographics. The results of these three analyses demonstrate that the Erasmus program is encumbered by ideological struggles, extensive decentralization, and a lack of financial and administrative support for its participants among others. Furthermore, Erasmus appears to be getting lost within the expanding scope of the EU\u2019s education initiatives despite the powerful impact of academic exchanges and the historical influence of the program.<\/p>\n<p><i>Major track: Europe<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Project Adviso<\/i><i>r<\/i><i>: Laura Reeck<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Language Advisor: Laura Reeck (French)<\/i><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a name=\"Lynd\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4>Conjugal Rape in Modern French Society<\/h4>\n<p>Aurora D. Lynd, 2019<\/p>\n<p>Per the most recent analysis conducted by the European Women&#8217;s Lobby, approximately 168,000 women in France were victims of marital rape between the years 2010-11.\u00a0 Despite these figures, spousal rape in France remains a very controversial and stigmatized topic, the legal acknowledgment for which was not formally pronounced until 1990, with the idea of consent not appearing in legal texts until 2010.\u00a0 Even after rape between spouses was legally acknowledged to be possible, sentencing for rapists in marital rape trials remained considerably lighter than sentencing for perpetrators of other crimes, such as theft and forgery.\u00a0 This project seeks to gain a more thorough understanding of the discourse surrounding conjugal rape in French society by analyzing media coverage of two of the most widely recognized marital rape trials in France: Samia Jaber vs Fred Caseneuil and 3 ex-spouses vs Luis D.\u00a0 Ultimately, this cultural analysis demonstrates how the narrative woven by the media differs from the actual legal proceedings of these cases, and illustrates the effect that these differences have on public perceptions of conjugal rape.\u00a0 Fundamentally, this project attributes the controversy surrounding conjugal rape to traditional views of marriage (i.e., <em>le devoir conjugal\u00a0<\/em>), varying perceptions of rape victims, and the media&#8217;s tendency to focus more on the idea of marriage that the issue of rape.<\/p>\n<p><i>Major track: Europe<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Project Adviso<\/i><i>rs<\/i><i>:\u00a0 Alyssa Ribeiro, Sharon Wesoky<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Language Advisor: Briana Lewis (French)<\/i><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a name=\"McClain\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4>Protest Culture in France: A Legacy and a Heritage<\/h4>\n<p>Laura McClain, 2019<\/p>\n<p>This paper looks at the relationships between the images of revolution and protest in French history and their relevance and influence upon the current protest culture in France.\u00a0 Starting in the French Revolution of 1789, certain images and symbols gained cultural significance.\u00a0 They continue to be used by protesters even today.\u00a0 The first chapter takes a close look at how some of these images and symbols play into the protest culture that currently exists in French society.\u00a0 It looks at series of events that lead to the creation of an almost mythological perception of history.\u00a0 This mythology idealizes the sometimes violent and deadly events and focuses on the sense of hope that comes from people working together for a common cause.\u00a0 The second chapter delves deeper into the events of May 1st, 1968 and the protest that wracked the nation.\u00a0 This instance in history holds its own cultural significance, yet it still draws on the historical culture of protest.\u00a0 The third and final chapter analyzes a few examples of modern protests.\u00a0 The most recent protest still contain elements of the mythological images and symbols of revolution, thereby continuing the legacy of protest culture in France.<\/p>\n<p><i>Major track: Europe<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Project Adviso<\/i><i>r<\/i><i>:\u00a0 Ken Pinnow\u00a0<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Language Advisor: Briana Lewis (French)<\/i><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a name=\"Smith\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4>Impedida por \u201cLa Raza Chilena\u201d: La integraci\u00f3n de los inmigrantes andinos en Chile (1990-2019)<\/h4>\n<p>Emily Smith, 2019<\/p>\n<p>This project examines the unprecedented increase of immigration to Chile over the past five years, specifically from Latin American and Caribbean countries. Through providing historical context, the transformation that Chile has undergone in order to become a migrant receiving country is explained. By studying two of the most predominant immigrant groups in the country: Colombians and Peruvians, common attributes, stereotypes and difficulties of integration are revealed. This project distinguishes the three most influential factors of integration in Chile: immigrant attributes, institutions, and society. The goal of this project is to understand Chile\u2019s new role in the context of immigration, and to suggest that the national myth of identity is a hindrance to the integration of immigrants, due to the discrimination that it provokes. I conclude in this project that Chilean society has the most significant impact on immigrant integration, as it influences an immigrant\u2019s ability to successfully utilize social services, form personal connections, and feel a sense of belonging in the country. In order for the situation to improve, institutions must provide the necessary foundations for immigrants to be successful. At the same time, the education system needs to be reformed to promote the value of multiculturalism, which will consequently allow Chilean society to embrace its new identity as a migrant-receiving nation.<\/p>\n<p><i>Major track: Latin America<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Project Adviso<\/i><i>r<\/i><i>:\u00a0 Shannan Mattiace\u00a0<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Language Advisor: Wilfredo Hern\u00e1ndez (Spanish)<\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Public Opinion in the case of Syrian Refugees: A Comparative Case Study of Germany and France Thea Gamboa, 2019 The Syrian Refugee Crisis affected Europe in a big way in 2015. Many Syrians were trying to go from Turkey into Europe in order to have a better life. This paper tries to unveil why Germany [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"mt-5\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/senior-project-abstracts-2019\/\">Continue Reading &#8220;Senior Project Abstracts &#8211; 2019&#8221;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":441,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"class_list":["post-1098","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1098","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/441"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1098"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1098\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1098"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":992,"date":"2018-05-10T15:52:31","date_gmt":"2018-05-10T19:52:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/intstudies\/?page_id=992"},"modified":"2020-05-15T16:15:16","modified_gmt":"2020-05-15T20:15:16","slug":"senior-project-abstracts-2018","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/senior-project-abstracts-2018\/","title":{"rendered":"Senior Project Abstracts &#8211; 2018"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a name=\"Allen\"><\/a><strong>How Islamic Extremist Groups Use Religion in Recruitment Propaganda<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tyler Allen, 2018<\/p>\n<p>The use of religion by Islamic movements is evident, but it is not always clear how these groups use the religious text. This paper will look at how religion is used by contemporary Islamic movements by investigating how ISIS and al-Qaeda have used the three religious terms, &#8220;<em>Caliphate<\/em>,&#8221; &#8220;<em>Ummah<\/em>&#8221; and &#8220;People of the Book.&#8221; These three terms have been used and continue to be used by Islamic movements throughout history recruit new members to their organizations. By looking at the ways that these two groups use the terms, we see similarities in the frequency and usage, but see differences in usage based on the goals of a specific group. Primary sources like <em>Dabiq<\/em> reveal how ISIS uses and manipulates these terms to create an interpretation that not only condones their actions, but also promotes those same actions as what the religion wants people to believe. A similar analysis of primary sources from al-Qaeda and secondary analysis, leads to a comparison of these two groups and their use of the religion.<\/p>\n<p><i>Major track: Middle East and North Africa<\/i><\/p>\n<p><em>Additional major: Religious Studies<\/em><\/p>\n<p><i>Project Adviso<\/i><i>r<\/i><i>: Shanna Kirschner<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Language Advisor: Reem Hilal (Arabic)<\/i><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"Donofrio\"><\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>Movement for Development: An Analysis of Recent Migration Trends and Socio-Political Change in Morocco<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Antoinette Donofrio, 2018<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Since 1990, sub-Saharan migrants taking routes through North Africa into Europe have gained controversial international attention. However, countries in the Maghreb region, specifically Morocco, have also experienced an influx of both regular and irregular sub-Saharan migrants choosing to stay and make Morocco a new destination. Through the lens of migration and state development, I attempt to analyze how immigrating sub-Saharan populations have invoked change in Moroccan society via three political reformations. These changes include a growth of Moroccan civil society, prioritization of the legislative branch of government, and an overall democratization of Moroccan politics. I illustrate how these changes arise by investigating the endogenous variable of migration and its impact on state development and comparing this to the demographics of previous Moroccan migration trends. I also analyze how cultural aspects of sub-Saharan migrants have challenged Moroccan socio-political norms and created reactionary migration policies. Fundamentally, I address how factors of international relations such as security and social development politicize migration and how immigrant groups have the opportunity to play a significant role in state development using Morocco as an example. \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i>Major track: Middle East and North Africa<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Project Adviso<\/i><i>r<\/i><i>: Brian Miller (History)<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Language Advisor: Reem Hilal (Arabic)<\/i><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"LaRocca\"><\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>The Victims of the Industry: How is Legalized Prostitution Affecting Sex Trafficking within the European Union?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Amanda LaRocca, 2018<\/p>\n<p>Within the European Union, the trafficking of human beings became a policy issue starting in 1997 due to the increasing number of victims being found within the member states of the European Union. Research has shown that a probable relationship exists between trafficking for sexual exploitation and domestic prostitution policies. This senior comprehensive project seeks to understand the connection between human sex trafficking and prostitution by analyzing prostitution policy of destination countries of sex trafficking along with the root causes in sending countries which increase the supply of sex trafficking victims. It looks at four countries in the European Union. Bulgaria and Romania are used to understand the impact of the 2007 EU Enlargement which integrated two sending countries to the European Union. As for the destination countries, The Netherlands and France provide an interesting comparative case study for how prostitution policy affects sex trafficking because they have taken different approaches to prostitution policy. The Netherlands chose to legalize prostitution while France was an abolitionist state until 2016 when it adopted the Swedish model of criminalizing the buyers of sex. The results show that criminalizing the buyers of sex reduces the appeal of a prostitution market to a trafficker, while the legalized market of prostitution faces many challenges which tend to allow victims of trafficking to be hidden within the market.<\/p>\n<p><i>Major track: Europe<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Project Adviso<\/i><i>r<\/i><i>:\u00a0Laura Reeck\u00a0<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Language Advisor: Laura Reeck (French)<\/i><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"Li\"><\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>Opportunities for Social Mobility Among Second-Generation Immigrants in France<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Chenrong Li, 2018<\/p>\n<p>The aim of this study is to analyze whether the current social environment in France<br \/>\noffers opportunities for social mobility among second-generation immigrants. I ask to what<br \/>\nextent successful social mobility through education is possible and to what extend social<br \/>\nmobility is hindered by discrimination. I have divided the study into four angles: educational<br \/>\nattainment among second-generation immigrants; a focus on secondary schooling and the choice of academic tracks; the impact on living in the <em>banlieue<\/em> and the social discrimination in the labor market.<\/p>\n<p><i>Major track: Europe<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Project Adviso<\/i><i>r<\/i><i>:\u00a0 Barry Shapiro (History)<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Language Advisor: Laura Reeck (French)<\/i><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"Manson\"><\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>The Linguistic Effect: The Inequalities of the Arabic and Hebrew Language in Education Policies of Israel<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Dakotah Manson, 2018<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This project analyzes polices created by the Ministry of Education in Israel and the effect they have on Arabic and Hebrew, the two official languages of the country.\u00a0 I will begin by analyzing the education policies, starting with the creation of the State in 1948 through the appearance of the Arabic language in the 1990&#8217;s.\u00a0 The implementation of these policies, or lack thereof, will be focused on by identifying the use of Arabic and Hebrew within the classroom at a micro-level.\u00a0 Research conclusions developed on the micro-level will then be applied to the effect education language policies have on the perception of language in society on a macro-level.\u00a0 Particularly, the views attached to those who speak the Arabic or Hebrew language as their native tongue in regards to identity, culture, and history.\u00a0 This project will continue through the application of accommodation theory, dialect, and diglossic communities.\u00a0 I conclude by identifying the asymmetries of those who speak Arabic rs. those who speak Hebrew and how this relates to the Arab-Israeli Conflict.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i>Major track: Middle East and North Africa<\/i><\/p>\n<p><em>Additional major: English<\/em><\/p>\n<p><i>Project Adviso<\/i><i>r<\/i><i>: Shanna Kirschner (Political Science)<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Language Advisor: Reem Hilal (Arabic)<\/i><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"Pingel\"><\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>Is Germany Becoming More &#8220;Normal?&#8221; Identity, Historical Memory, and European Integration in the Federal Republic<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Eric Pingel, 2018<\/p>\n<p>This project qualitatively examines German identity and the existence of a supranational European identity in Germany.\u00a0 It explores the idea that Germany was a nation with subdued nationalism and that did not pursue its national interest, but has &#8220;normalized&#8221; to become more like other Western nations, i.e., more nationalistic and willing to assert itself.\u00a0 It examines historical memory of Nazi Germany, how identity has changed in Germany, and how European integration has been affected by Germany&#8217;s changing identity.\u00a0 Its arguments are made using public opinion polling, empirical literature, historical examination, and qualitative discussion.\u00a0 It concludes that European identity has been increasing in Germany, that supranational identity has remained and will remain subordinate to national identity and that Euro skepticism is, in part, connected to national vs. European identity, but is largely the result of the political mobilization of anti-integration and anti-immigration voices.\u00a0 It also finds that nationalism and patriotism have become more acceptable in Germany, but that Germany has asserted its national interest throughout its existence.<\/p>\n<p><i>Major track: Europe<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Project Adviso<\/i><i>r<\/i><i>:\u00a0 Brian Miller (History)<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Language Advisor: Peter Ensberg (German)<\/i><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"Sporrer\"><\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>Denaturalization in France: A Case Study in the Age of Terror<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Angeline Sporrer, 2018<\/p>\n<p>On November 13, 2015, the deadliest terrorist attack on French soil to date claimed the lives of 130 people and reduced the country to a state of disbelief. Subsequently, the French government sought to adopt a Constitutional law called Protection of the Nation that would extend their right to denaturalize any dual-national born French who committed an act that threatened the life of the Nation. In light of this series of events, I seek to explore whether the proposed legislation of 2015 concerning denaturalization is a direct result of the Age of Global Terror that began after the September 11, 2001 attacks. In doing so, I first explore whether a pattern exists between terror and denaturalization in French history. I then examine the Parliamentary debates relating to the proposed law. Lastly, I analyze whether Protection of the Nation is a logical future to a pattern of terror and denaturalization or whether it is an alternative future where there is very little or no established pattern of terror that threatens French ideology or security. This analysis finds that the proposed law is a logical future and consequently that it is likely to appear again in future French legislation.<\/p>\n<p><i>Major track: Europe<\/i><\/p>\n<p><em>Additional major: French<\/em><\/p>\n<p><i>Project Adviso<\/i><i>r<\/i><i>:\u00a0Laura Reeck\u00a0<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Language Advisor: Laura Reeck (French)<\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>How Islamic Extremist Groups Use Religion in Recruitment Propaganda Tyler Allen, 2018 The use of religion by Islamic movements is evident, but it is not always clear how these groups use the religious text. This paper will look at how religion is used by contemporary Islamic movements by investigating how ISIS and al-Qaeda have used [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"mt-5\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/senior-project-abstracts-2018\/\">Continue Reading &#8220;Senior Project Abstracts &#8211; 2018&#8221;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":441,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"class_list":["post-992","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/992","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/441"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=992"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/992\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=992"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":935,"date":"2018-02-05T09:54:53","date_gmt":"2018-02-05T14:54:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/intstudies\/?page_id=935"},"modified":"2019-02-22T13:44:55","modified_gmt":"2019-02-22T18:44:55","slug":"wayne-merrick-scholarship-in-international-studies","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wayne-merrick-scholarship-in-international-studies\/","title":{"rendered":"Wayne Merrick Scholarship in International Studies"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Wayne Merrick Scholarship in International Studies is intended to make study abroad possible for promising Allegheny College students\u00a0<\/span>with demonstrated financial need who are\u00a0<b>majoring in International Studies.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Applications for study abroad in academic year 2019-2020 should be submitted to Prof. Laura Reeck by <\/span><b>Monday, April 1, 2019. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Applications may be sent to Professor Reeck through campus mail [Box 30] but students should ensure that all materials arrive by the deadline.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Applications should include the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> a narrative description of study abroad plans, curricular and co-curricular activities and how study abroad will foster these; <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> a copy of the applicant&#8217;s college transcript (it need not be official);<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> documentation of acceptance to a study-abroad program or description of concrete plans to study abroad. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b>Up to two scholarships of $2,000 will be awarded,<\/b>\u00a0depending on the strength of the applicant pool.<b>\u00a0<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0Please note that funds are not awarded in cash, but are applied directly to the student\u2019s financial aid package.\u00a0 Recipients are selected by the International Studies Steering Committee.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Wayne Merrick Scholarship in International Studies is intended to make study abroad possible for promising Allegheny College students\u00a0with demonstrated financial need who are\u00a0majoring in International Studies. Applications for study abroad in academic year 2019-2020 should be submitted to Prof. Laura Reeck by Monday, April 1, 2019. Applications may be sent to Professor Reeck through [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"mt-5\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wayne-merrick-scholarship-in-international-studies\/\">Continue Reading &#8220;Wayne Merrick Scholarship in International Studies&#8221;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":441,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"class_list":["post-935","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/935","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/441"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=935"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/935\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=935"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":797,"date":"2017-05-30T13:56:46","date_gmt":"2017-05-30T17:56:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/intstudies\/?page_id=797"},"modified":"2020-05-15T16:27:56","modified_gmt":"2020-05-15T20:27:56","slug":"senior-project-abstracts-2017","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/senior-project-abstracts-2017\/","title":{"rendered":"Senior Project Abstracts &#8211; 2017"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a name=\"D'Ercole\"><\/a><b>Political Perceptions: How Germany Perceives Russian Aggression<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Katarina D&#8217;Ercole, 2017<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">from the Introduction:<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0Within the past 50 years, the international community, especially Europe has witnessed increasing Russian aggression.\u00a0 This project aims to explain Russian aggression and its underlying motives from the German perspective.\u00a0 Using qualitative methods of analysis, this work establishes three schools of thought which categorize German scholarly opinions, and operate on three different levels of analysis.\u00a0 In order to explain each school, three corresponding models are developed, that generate implications for Germany, Europe and the United States of America.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Major track: Europe<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Project Adviso<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">r<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:\u00a0Howard Tamashiro\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Language Advisor: Peter Ensberg (German)<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"Dickman\"><\/a><strong>How China&#8217;s Family Planning Laws Reflect Attitudes Toward Congenital Disabilities<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Alexis Dickman, 2017<\/p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\"><!--td {border: 1px solid #ccc;}br {mso-data-placement:same-cell;}--><\/style>\n<p><span data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;The factors that contribute to any society\\u2019s view of disability are many in number and complex in nature. When encountering a society where negative attitudes towards people with disabilities are pervasive, it is necessary to identify and expound on the conditions that contribute to such attitudes in order to change the society\\u2019s narrative on disability. By all accounts, the Chinese perspective of disability is overwhelmingly negative. In light of this, I seek to explore evidence of cultural bias against people with disabilities in Chinese family planning legislation. I begin by describing the Chinese view of disability through the study of Chinese language, history, culture, and social welfare. I argue that the origins of China\\u2019s negative view of disability are found in these elements. I then explore how the eugenics movement in China compounded the effects of entrenched cultural bias towards people with disability. Lastly, I explore China\\u2019s One Child Policy and Maternal and Infant Health Care Law in depth to prove that China\\u2019s family planning laws reflect and reinforce negative attitudes towards disability.&quot;}\" data-sheets-userformat=\"{&quot;2&quot;:15105,&quot;3&quot;:[null,0],&quot;11&quot;:0,&quot;12&quot;:0,&quot;14&quot;:[null,2,0],&quot;15&quot;:&quot;Cambria&quot;,&quot;16&quot;:12}\">The factors that contribute to any society\u2019s view of disability are many in number and complex in nature. When encountering a society where negative attitudes towards people with disabilities are pervasive, it is necessary to identify and expound on the conditions that contribute to such attitudes in order to change the society\u2019s narrative on disability. By all accounts, the Chinese perspective of disability is overwhelmingly negative. In light of this, I seek to explore evidence of cultural bias against people with disabilities in Chinese family planning legislation. I begin by describing the Chinese view of disability through the study of Chinese language, history, culture, and social welfare. I argue that the origins of China\u2019s negative view of disability are found in these elements. I then explore how the eugenics movement in China compounded the effects of entrenched cultural bias towards people with disability. Lastly, I explore China\u2019s One Child Policy and Maternal and Infant Health Care Law in depth to prove that China\u2019s family planning laws reflect and reinforce negative attitudes towards disability.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em>Major track:\u00a0East Asia<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Project Advisor: Guo Wu (History)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Language Advisor: Xiaoling Shi (Chinese)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"Hernandez\"><\/a><b>Aid effectiveness and its contribution in economic development in post-colonial countries: A case study of France and Senegal<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Edson Hernandez, 2017<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The implementation of the Marshall Plan in war-devastated Europe during the 1950s demonstrated to the public how effective foreign assistance could be.\u00a0 If an entire region, who suffered arguably the same issues present in developing countries today, be rescued and thrusted into decades of progress, what is preventing foreign aid from doing the same in today&#8217;s developing world?\u00a0 The relationship between aid and development has often been debated as being either &#8220;good&#8221; or &#8220;bad,&#8221; but either description fails to capture the multi-faceted complexity of their relationship.\u00a0 In recent years, some have perceived foreign assistance as a form of neocolonialism; a way for former colonial powers to retain their influence in their former colonies.\u00a0 In my project, I attempted to assess the effectiveness of French aid towards development in Senegal by analyzing current, available data from various financial institutions; as well as understanding France&#8217;s motivation for assistance.\u00a0 Through my findings, I found that their historical tie plays a significant role in aid distribution and that quantifying aid effectiveness is not currently possible.\u00a0 As a result, I conclude my project with a formula derived from my findings as a possible building block for devising a quantifiable index for aid effectiveness.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Major track:\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Europe<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Project Advisor:\u00a0Steve Onyeiwu<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Language Advisor: Laura Reeck (French)<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"Litus\"><\/a><b>What makes French Land French: A Historical Interpretation of Education and Language during the Annexation of Alsace-Lorraine from 1871-1919<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Justin Litus, 2017<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">from the Introduction:<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 [F]rom the perspective of the French, this account will be a historical interpretation of education, language, and democracy, and their effect on linguistic and territorial nationalism during the annexation of Alsace-Lorraine from 1871-1919.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Major track:\u00a0Europe<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Project and Language Advisor: Phillip Wolfe (French)<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"Llovet-Nava\"><\/a><b>Muslim Heritage Minorities within the French Educational System<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ricardo Llovet-Nava, 2017<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This project explores the experience of Muslim Heritage minorities within the French Educational system.\u00a0 Through researching the background of secular laws within the French Educational system and Ed-Christianization within France, I was able to find where the precedents were set for how the Majority of French believe religion can and should be expressed within the public sphere.\u00a0 From there on I analyzed personal experiences that Muslim Heritage minority students had when dealing with either personal bias against them by school administrators or when they had to deal with secular laws specifically targeted at their heritage.\u00a0 Included in this analysis was also the portrayal of Islam and Muslims within the French curriculum and textbooks which tended to portray their religion as a backwards one.\u00a0 During this, along with other examples, I looked into how specific recommendations by the Stasi Report and certain zoning laws that created priority education zones (ZEPs and REPs) worked in practice.\u00a0 Overall, I was looking for whether or not the French Educational System&#8217;s secular laws were doing what they were intended to do which was to create a completely equal and unbiased space of learning.\u00a0 Analyzing how the secular laws and priority education zones affected Muslim Heritage students in practice showed that at best the laws were not helping the students and at worst certain laws such as the Veil Law recommended by the Stasi Report worked to significantly alienate Muslim Heritage minority students.\u00a0 The majority of French have a significant fear of communitarianism and the current actions by the government have in large been reactive to upticks in that fear.\u00a0 However, the government&#8217;s actions in the educational system raise questions as to whether they are creating communitarianism among Muslim Heritage minority students where it had not existed in the first place and alienating well integrated citizens.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Major track: Europe<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Project and Language Advisor: Laura Reeck (French)<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"Marthinsen\"><\/a><b>De-Ba&#8217;athification, the Institutionalization of Sectarianism, and the Rise of Daesh in Iraq<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Grant Marthinsen, 2017<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This paper examines how the policies of the Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) in post-invasion Iraq alienated Sunni Iraqis &#8212; in particular, de-Ba&#8217;athification, the disbanding of the Iraqi armed forces, and the institutionalization of sectarianism &#8212; and led to their further persecution at the hands of the Shi&#8217;a-dominated government which was made possible by the aforementioned institutionalization of sectarianism. \u00a0 The Iraqi Sunni community, due to its fear of the Shi&#8217;a government and the visible military success of Daesh, became generally willing in the last few years to be governed by the vicious organization in exchange for protection from Baghdad and the various Shi&#8217;a militias which have terrorized them for years.\u00a0 Much of Daesh&#8217;s recent success, however, has only been possible because of the infusion of new blood into its upper echelon of leadership, drawn almost entirely from former members of Saddam Hussein&#8217;s military and intelligence apparatuses; these men bring with them extensive experience in both military matters and coercive operations.\u00a0 This prowess has allowed Daesh to conquer and control territory with largely Sunni populations in recent years.\u00a0 Because of Coalition policies after the invasion, the sectarianism which was institutionalized in Iraq took hold of the hearts of much of the country&#8217;s population, which led to abuses that primed the Sunni community to accept the militarily effective iteration of the group as its protector.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Major track:\u00a0Middle East\/North Africa<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Project Advisor: Younus Mirza<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Language Advisor: Reem Hilal (Arabic)<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"Orr\"><\/a><strong>From Conquest to Care: Ecology and Contemporary American Poetry<\/strong><\/p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\"><!--td {border: 1px solid #ccc;}br {mso-data-placement:same-cell;}--><\/style>\n<p><span data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Kevin Orr &quot;}\" data-sheets-userformat=\"{&quot;2&quot;:14592,&quot;11&quot;:0,&quot;14&quot;:[null,2,0],&quot;15&quot;:&quot;Cambria&quot;,&quot;16&quot;:12}\">Kevin Orr<\/span>, 2017<\/p>\n<p>No abstract available.<\/p>\n<p><em>Project Advisor:\u00a0Sharon Wesoky (Political Science)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"Smith\"><\/a><b>Convergence and Divergence: French and German Immigration Policy Since WWII<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Amasa Smith, 2017<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This research seeks to understand the connection between conceptions of citizenship, citizenship policy and immigration policy, as well as discover if there has been convergence in French and German immigration policies since the end of WWII.\u00a0 The historically different French and German immigration models have stemmed from differing conceptions of citizenship.\u00a0 France&#8217;s\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">jus soli<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0model of citizenship and expansive immigration regime has been praised by scholars and used as a model by other liberal democracies, while Germany&#8217;s\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">jus sanguinis<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0model has been criticized for its ethnocultural conception of citizenship and more restrictive immigration policies.\u00a0 Previous research on the subject has noted convergence since 200; however, this project demonstrates that there have been similarities in the immigration policies of France and Germany since WWII.\u00a0 This project analyzes three moments in immigration policy in France and Germany to evaluate whether there has been convergence or divergence in immigration policies since WWII.\u00a0 The results show that there has generally been a trend toward restrictive immigration policies in both France and Germany, while the citizenship policies of the two countries have converged toward each other.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Major track:\u00a0Europe<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Project and Language Advisor: Laura Reeck (French)<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"Spitzer\"><\/a><b>How the Systemic Use of Torture by the French led to the Independence of Algeria<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Amelia A. Spitzer, 2017<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">France&#8217;s history has been a long and colorful process.\u00a0 Since the beginning of the 16th century, France has infiltrated many countries around the world.\u00a0 The desire of wanting to spread the French culture came at a cost.\u00a0 Routinized violence and colonial oppression became one of the everyday occurrences throughout the French empires starting during their time in Indochina (1946-1954).\u00a0 As the generals from the Battle of Dien Bien Phu moved on to their next task, Algeria became their next conquest.\u00a0 This study looks into the memoirs of three generals, General Jacques Massu, General Paul Aussaresses, and General Marcel Bigeard.\u00a0 Through these memoirs these men make an effort to justify the systematic use of torture by the French military during the Algerian War of Independence.\u00a0 All three generals were put on trial for allegations of torturing victims, three of which are represented through their personal recount in this document, Henri Alleg, Djamila Boupacha, and Louisette Ighilahriz.\u00a0 The memoirs represent the French governing rue\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[sic]<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0in Algeria.\u00a0 Through France&#8217;s systematic use of torture during the Algerian War of Independence, the native French population began to question its role in the Algerian state.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Major track:\u00a0Europe<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Project and Language Advisor: Laura Reeck (French)<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"Taapken\"><\/a><b>The Future of the Moroccan Women&#8217;s Rights Movement in the Wake of the 2004 Personal Status Code Reforms<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lisa Taapken, 2017<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Morocco has gained international attention on the women&#8217;s rights front since the 2004 pro-women reforms of the Moroccan Personal Status Code, which governs issues of marriage, divorce, inheritance and child custody.\u00a0 Moroccan secular feminists were instrumental in advocating for the the reforms and the Personal Status Code is considered their biggest achievement of the Moroccan women&#8217;s rights movement.\u00a0 Using the Personal Status Code as a case study, this paper analyzes the real-life effects of the reforms in order to gain a better understanding of what the success of the reforms can tell us about the future of the women&#8217;s rights movement in Morocco.\u00a0 This analysis will show that despite the fact that secular feminist groups in Morocco are often favored by international organizations, Islamic feminism is the key to the future of the women&#8217;s rights movement.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Major track: Middle East\/North Africa<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Project Advisor: Younus Mirza<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Language Advisor: Laura Reeck (French)<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"Waybright\"><\/a><strong>From Gut Microbiota to Macro-Level Influences: A Cross-Cultural Examination of the Statistically Reported Prevalence of Depression with an Acute, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of a Daily Multi-Species, Multi-Strain Probiotic Examining Depressive Symptoms in Young Adults <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Lora Waybright, 2017<\/p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\"><!--td {border: 1px solid #ccc;}br {mso-data-placement:same-cell;}--><\/style>\n<p><span data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Current pharmaceutical methods, grounded in a biomedical, monoamine-based hypothesis of depression, fail to account for the host of multifactorial influences which affect the prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD), including stigma, access to mental health care, and other cultural influences, or incorporate models such as the hygiene hypothesis and the inflammatory model of depression into treatment approaches. However, recent research on the influence of gut microbiota on the enteric nervous system has found that specific strains of bacteria may have beneficial effects on the \\u201cgut-brain connection\\u201d in psychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder (MDD). This study examined the effects of a multi-species, multi-strain probiotic in a randomized controlled trial of 100 participants on symptoms of depression as measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) while accounting for a number of other variables, such as mode of birth, exposure to animals, and a rural or urban upbringing. Probiotic intervention was not found to have any significant effects on symptoms of depression, and correlations between hygiene hypothesis variables were also not significant predictors of CES-D scores at initial testing. These findings indicate a need for more research to rigorously examine the influence of probiotics on mood, specifically the effects of specific strains of bacteria or varying lengths of probiotic interventions to further investigate the reasons for these non-significant findings, as well the development of a new approach to the treatment of depression that incorporates a broader array of factors, including a cultural perspective.&quot;}\" data-sheets-userformat=\"{&quot;2&quot;:513,&quot;3&quot;:[null,0],&quot;12&quot;:0}\">Current pharmaceutical methods, grounded in a biomedical, monoamine-based hypothesis of depression, fail to account for the host of multifactorial influences which affect the prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD), including stigma, access to mental health care, and other cultural influences, or incorporate models such as the hygiene hypothesis and the inflammatory model of depression into treatment approaches. However, recent research on the influence of gut microbiota on the enteric nervous system has found that specific strains of bacteria may have beneficial effects on the \u201cgut-brain connection\u201d in psychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder (MDD). This study examined the effects of a multi-species, multi-strain probiotic in a randomized controlled trial of 100 participants on symptoms of depression as measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) while accounting for a number of other variables, such as mode of birth, exposure to animals, and a rural or urban upbringing. Probiotic intervention was not found to have any significant effects on symptoms of depression, and correlations between hygiene hypothesis variables were also not significant predictors of CES-D scores at initial testing. These findings indicate a need for more research to rigorously examine the influence of probiotics on mood, specifically the effects of specific strains of bacteria or varying lengths of probiotic interventions to further investigate the reasons for these non-significant findings, as well the development of a new approach to the treatment of depression that incorporates a broader array of factors, including a cultural perspective.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em>Major Track: Latin\u00a0America<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Project Advisors: Sarah Conklin (Neuroscience), Laura Reeck (International Studies)<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Political Perceptions: How Germany Perceives Russian Aggression Katarina D&#8217;Ercole, 2017 from the Introduction:\u00a0Within the past 50 years, the international community, especially Europe has witnessed increasing Russian aggression.\u00a0 This project aims to explain Russian aggression and its underlying motives from the German perspective.\u00a0 Using qualitative methods of analysis, this work establishes three schools of thought which [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"mt-5\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/senior-project-abstracts-2017\/\">Continue Reading &#8220;Senior Project Abstracts &#8211; 2017&#8221;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":441,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"class_list":["post-797","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/797","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/441"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=797"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/797\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=797"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":783,"date":"2017-03-13T12:59:27","date_gmt":"2017-03-13T16:59:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/intstudies\/?page_id=783"},"modified":"2023-12-14T13:28:47","modified_gmt":"2023-12-14T18:28:47","slug":"department-information","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/department-information\/","title":{"rendered":"Department Information"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"acalog-entity-programs\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1142 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/intstudies\/files\/2019\/07\/IS-HOME-PAGE-continents-975936_1920.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"615\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/files\/2019\/07\/IS-HOME-PAGE-continents-975936_1920.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/files\/2019\/07\/IS-HOME-PAGE-continents-975936_1920-300x96.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/files\/2019\/07\/IS-HOME-PAGE-continents-975936_1920-768x246.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/files\/2019\/07\/IS-HOME-PAGE-continents-975936_1920-1024x328.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>International Studies is an interdivisional, liberal arts program that endeavors to develop and relate those analytical skills most appropriate for the examination of increasingly complex interactions among nations and regions of the world. It draws upon the disciplines of economics, history, language, and political science. The principal goals of the major are: a) to develop understanding of the interrelationships of domestic and international politics and economic policies and of the implications of historical and sociological developments for those politics and policies; b) to provide students with tools and modes of analysis pertinent to these relationships; c) to help students think analytically in interrelated fields; and d) to help students develop intercultural competence.<\/p>\n<p>Allegheny\u2019s long-established program in International Studies is designed to provide training for individuals who are considering careers in government service, international agencies and organizations, international business and law, and international education. The program pairs theoretical coursework with regionally-focused courses. It also asks students to reach designated language proficiency and to study abroad.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_program.php?catoid=24&amp;poid=2869&amp;returnto=459\">Explore the International Studies major in the Academic Bulletin<\/a><\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n\n<h3>International Studies Steering Committee<\/h3>\n<p>Many Allegheny faculty teach courses in the multidisciplinary international studies program. Members of the committee represent the principal disciplines involved in the program, and they help students select a program of study. The members of the committee include:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/intstudies\/files\/2021\/08\/shannan-mattiace.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1504 \" src=\"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/intstudies\/files\/2021\/08\/shannan-mattiace-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"76\" height=\"76\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/files\/2021\/08\/shannan-mattiace-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/files\/2021\/08\/shannan-mattiace-299x299.jpg 299w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 76px) 100vw, 76px\" \/><\/a><\/strong><strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/politicalsci\/faculty\/Shannan%20Mattiace\/\">Shannan Mattiace<\/a>,<\/strong><strong>,\u00a0<\/strong><i>Regional focus: Latin America. <\/i>Areas of interest: criminal violence in Mexico, ethnic politics and social movements in Mexico and Latin America, immigration to the U.S., U.S.-Mexico border issues.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1380 alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/intstudies\/files\/2020\/10\/Chris-Finaret-temp-web-photo-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"76\" height=\"76\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/files\/2020\/10\/Chris-Finaret-temp-web-photo-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/files\/2020\/10\/Chris-Finaret-temp-web-photo-300x300-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/files\/2020\/10\/Chris-Finaret-temp-web-photo-300x300-299x299.jpg 299w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 76px) 100vw, 76px\" \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/econ\/chris-finaret\/\"><strong>Chris Finaret<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0<i>Regional focus: Central Africa, Colombia<\/i>. Areas of interest: development economics; policy, strategy, and programming evaluation.<\/p>\n<div class=\"acalog-entity-programs\">\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/intstudies\/files\/2021\/08\/Picture.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1506\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/intstudies\/files\/2021\/08\/Picture.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"78\" height=\"78\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/files\/2021\/08\/Picture.jpg 225w, https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/files\/2021\/08\/Picture-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 78px) 100vw, 78px\" \/> <\/a><\/strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/modlang\/faculty\/reem-hilal\/\">Reem Hilal<\/a> <\/strong><i>Regional focus: Middle East<\/i>. Areas of interest: contemporary Arabic Literature, Arab American literature, identity, diasporic Muslim and Arab communities.<\/p>\n<p><strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/intstudies\/files\/2019\/07\/BJKMiller_Image.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1213\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/intstudies\/files\/2019\/07\/BJKMiller_Image-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"76\" height=\"79\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/files\/2019\/07\/BJKMiller_Image-290x300.jpg 290w, https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/files\/2019\/07\/BJKMiller_Image.jpg 484w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 76px) 100vw, 76px\" \/><\/a><\/strong><strong><a title=\"Brian JK Miller\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/history\/brian-miller\/\">Brian JK Miller\u00a0<\/a><\/strong><i>Regional focus: Middle East, Germany.<\/i> Areas of interest: transnational migration, history of development, gender studies, nationalism, and press censorship.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>International Studies is an interdivisional, liberal arts program that endeavors to develop and relate those analytical skills most appropriate for the examination of increasingly complex interactions among nations and regions of the world. It draws upon the disciplines of economics, history, language, and political science. The principal goals of the major are: a) to develop [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"mt-5\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/department-information\/\">Continue Reading &#8220;Department Information&#8221;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":560,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"class_list":["post-783","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/783","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/560"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=783"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/783\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=783"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":775,"date":"2017-03-09T10:07:01","date_gmt":"2017-03-09T15:07:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/intstudies\/?page_id=775"},"modified":"2024-04-23T09:16:41","modified_gmt":"2024-04-23T13:16:41","slug":"international-studies-major","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/allegheny.edu\/academics\/programs\/international-studies\/","title":{"rendered":"International Studies Major"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1151 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/intstudies\/files\/2019\/07\/IS-MAJOR-PAGEearth-437670_1920.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"746\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/files\/2019\/07\/IS-MAJOR-PAGEearth-437670_1920.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/files\/2019\/07\/IS-MAJOR-PAGEearth-437670_1920-300x117.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/files\/2019\/07\/IS-MAJOR-PAGEearth-437670_1920-768x298.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/files\/2019\/07\/IS-MAJOR-PAGEearth-437670_1920-1024x398.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><div class=\"dep-info\"><h3 xmlns:h=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\">International Studies Learning Outcomes<\/h3><p xmlns:h=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\">Allegheny students who successfully complete a major in International Studies are expected to demonstrate the following competencies and skills:<\/p><ul xmlns:h=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\"><li><strong>Global Awareness Skills: <\/strong>The Partnership for 21st Century Skills defines global awareness as \"the ability to understand global issues; learn from and work with people from diverse cultures; and understand the cultures of other nations, including the use of non-English languages.\" By taking courses in various disciplines (especially in the departments of Economics, History, Modern and Classical Languages, and Political Science), students are expected to demonstrate awareness of global issues.<\/li>&#13;\n\t<li><strong>Cultural Competency: <\/strong>Students are expected to demonstrate knowledge of the culture of a foreign country through a semester-long study abroad program approved by the college. Cultural immersion would enable students to understand cultural aspects such as culinary habits, indigenous religions, political culture, family structures, values and ethics.<\/li>&#13;\n\t<li><strong>Regional Competency:<\/strong> While being knowledgeable in global issues, students are also expected to demonstrate knowledge of a specific region. Upon graduation, an International Studies student will become a \"specialist\" in one of the following regions: Latin America, East Asia, Middle East and North Africa, or Europe. Competency could also be gained in other regions through a self-designed curriculum approved by the International Studies Steering Committee.<\/li>&#13;\n\t<li><strong>Foreign Language Competency:<\/strong> Students are expected to be proficient in one of the following languages: Arabic, Chinese, French, German, or Spanish. Language competency will be demonstrated partly by the ability to undertake a senior project in a foreign language.<\/li>&#13;\n\t<li><strong>Research Capabilities:<\/strong> Ability to undertake original, independent, and interdisciplinary research on an international topic. Students are expected to complete and defend a well-researched senior project by the end of their coursework.<\/li>&#13;\n\t<li><strong>Interpersonal Skills in a Global Context:<\/strong> We expect International Studies students to be global citizens by developing the skills for interacting with people from different cultural, ethnic, socio-economic, and religious backgrounds.<\/li>&#13;\n<\/ul><h3 xmlns:h=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\">The International Studies Major<\/h3><p xmlns:h=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\">The interdivisional major in International Studies leads to the Bachelor of Arts degree and requires the completion of a minimum of 54 semester credit hours. Because this major is interdivisional, students may complete any minor to satisfy the college requirement that the major and minor be in different divisions. International Studies majors must achieve an average GPA of at least 2.0 in all coursework presented for the major at graduation. All courses submitted for the major, except transfer credits, must be taken on the letter-grade basis. Normally no more than 16 transfer credits are accepted toward the major, and none of these may substitute for the Senior Project. Only the most recent grade is considered for courses that have been repeated.<\/p><p xmlns:h=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\">The major in International Studies requires the successful completion of both a Junior or Senior Seminar and a Senior Project. A minimum of four courses (16 credit hours), in addition to the Seminar and Senior Project, must be taken at the 300-level or above. In addition, students must complete a semester of study abroad. Under normal circumstances, study abroad must be in a country where the focus language is spoken. Students must apply for off-campus study through the International Education office in the Allegheny Gateway and must meet all College requirements for study abroad, including maintaining a 2.75 minimum GPA. If a student is not accepted to study abroad in an Allegheny-sponsored program, s\/he should consult with the International Studies Chair about other possibilities for completing the study abroad requirement for the major.<\/p><p xmlns:h=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\">From the following, all majors must complete the required number of courses in each category. Double counting of courses between categories is not permitted.<\/p><p xmlns:h=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\">Please note: courses marked with an asterisk (*) have a prerequisite.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"core\"><h3>Core Course:<\/h3><a:content xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2005\/Atom\"\/><br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17875\">INTST 110\u00a0-\u00a0Introduction to International Studies<\/a><\/div><div class=\"core\"><h3>Economics:<\/h3><a:content xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2005\/Atom\"\/><br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17030\">ECON 101\u00a0-\u00a0Introduction to Macroeconomics<\/a><\/div><div class=\"core\"><h3>Theory:<\/h3><a:content xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2005\/Atom\" xmlns:h=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\"><p xmlns:h=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\">Five courses, two each from Economics and Political Science, and one from\u00a0History:<\/p><\/a:content><\/div><div class=\"core\"><h4>Economic Theory:<\/h4><a:content xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2005\/Atom\" xmlns:h=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\"><p xmlns:h=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\"><strong>Two<\/strong> courses:<\/p><p xmlns:h=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\"><u>Note:<\/u>\u00a0certain sections of <a link-id=\"acalog-a-74\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17075\" type=\"tooltip\">FSECO 201<\/a>\u00a0may also be used to satisfy the Economics component of this requirement; consult the program Chair.<\/p><\/a:content><br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17031\">ECON 200\u00a0-\u00a0Microeconomic Theory<\/a> *<br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17032\">ECON 201\u00a0-\u00a0Macroeconomic Theory<\/a> *<br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17043\">ECON 251\u00a0-\u00a0International Economics<\/a> * (Prerequisite: ECON 101\u00a0only)<br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17044\">ECON 256\u00a0-\u00a0Economic Development<\/a> * (Prerequisite: ECON 101\u00a0only)<br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17059\">ECON 451\u00a0-\u00a0International Business<\/a> * (Prerequisite: ECON 200\u00a0or ECON 201)<br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17060\">ECON 452\u00a0-\u00a0Theory of Trade<\/a> * (Prerequisite: ECON 200\u00a0or ECON 201)<\/div><div class=\"core\"><h4>Political Theory:<\/h4><a:content xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2005\/Atom\" xmlns:h=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\"><p xmlns:h=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\"><strong>Two\u00a0<\/strong>courses:<\/p><\/a:content><br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17610\">POLSC 120\u00a0-\u00a0Comparative Government and Politics<\/a><br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17611\">POLSC 130\u00a0-\u00a0World Politics<\/a><br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17624\">POLSC 245\u00a0-\u00a0The Politics of Third World Development<\/a><br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17626\">POLSC 251\u00a0-\u00a0U.S. Foreign Policy<\/a><br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17636\">POLSC 325\u00a0-\u00a0Rights in Comparative Perspective<\/a><br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17654\">POLSC 450\u00a0-\u00a0The Politics and Psychology of Persuasion and Prejudice<\/a><br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17655\">POLSC 453\u00a0-\u00a0Deterrence Theory and Nuclear Defense<\/a><br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17656\">POLSC 457\u00a0-\u00a0National Security Controversies<\/a><br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17657\">POLSC 459\u00a0-\u00a0Civil Wars<\/a> *<\/div><div class=\"core\"><h4>Historical Interpretation:<\/h4><a:content xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2005\/Atom\" xmlns:h=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\"><p xmlns:h=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\"><strong>One<\/strong> course:<\/p><p xmlns:h=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\"><u>Note:<\/u> certain sections of <a link-id=\"acalog-a-60\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17346\" type=\"tooltip\">FSHIS 201<\/a>\u00a0may also be used to satisfy this requirement; consult the program Chair.<\/p><\/a:content><br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17299\">HIST 306\u00a0-\u00a0Enlightenment and Absolutism<\/a> *<br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17302\">HIST 312\u00a0-\u00a0State and Society Under Communism and Fascism<\/a> *<br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17316\">HIST 353\u00a0-\u00a0Women and Revolution in China<\/a> *<br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17317\">HIST 355\u00a0-\u00a0Modern Chinese Warfare<\/a> *<br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17873\">HIST 358\u00a0-\u00a0Migrants & Refugees in the 20th Century<\/a> *<br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17874\">HIST 360\u00a0-\u00a0Middle East Nationalisms<\/a> *<br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17320\">HIST 365\u00a0-\u00a0Conquest! Latin America 1492-1600<\/a> *<br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17321\">HIST 366\u00a0-\u00a0Dictators and Development in Latin America<\/a> *<br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17323\">HIST 380\u00a0-\u00a0Disease and Medicine in Modern History<\/a> *<\/div><div class=\"core\"><h3>Area of Focus:<\/h3><a:content xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2005\/Atom\" xmlns:h=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\"><p xmlns:h=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\"><strong>Four<\/strong> courses from <strong>one<\/strong> of the following regional areas:<\/p><p xmlns:h=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\">East Asia; Europe; Latin America; or the Middle East and North\u00a0Africa. Courses may be selected from the following list, and they may include those taken while studying abroad on a program approved by the International Studies program. At least two of these courses must be taken in the social science division, and one of the two social science courses must be a history course.<\/p><\/a:content><\/div><div class=\"core\"><h4>East Asia:<\/h4><a:content xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2005\/Atom\"\/><br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=16891\">CHIN 355\u00a0-\u00a0Modern Chinese Literature in Translation<\/a><br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=16892\">CHIN 385\u00a0-\u00a0Contemporary Chinese Cinema<\/a><br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17045\">ECON 265\u00a0-\u00a0The Economy of China<\/a><br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17264\">HIST 113\u00a0-\u00a0The History of Modern East Asia, 1800-Present<\/a><br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17275\">HIST 165\u00a0-\u00a0Pre-Modern China: Religion, Philosophy, and Society<\/a><br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17276\">HIST 167\u00a0-\u00a0Modern China, 1800-2000<\/a><br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17316\">HIST 353\u00a0-\u00a0Women and Revolution in China<\/a> *<br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17317\">HIST 355\u00a0-\u00a0Modern Chinese Warfare<\/a> *<br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17620\">POLSC 228\u00a0-\u00a0Government and Politics of China<\/a><br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17642\">POLSC 336\u00a0-\u00a0East Asian Democracy: Theory and Practice<\/a><br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17650\">POLSC 386\u00a0-\u00a0Chinese Political Thought: From Confucius to the New Left<\/a><br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17758\">RELST 160\u00a0-\u00a0Buddhism<\/a><br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17759\">RELST 165\u00a0-\u00a0Japanese Religions from A to Zen<\/a><br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17760\">RELST 170\u00a0-\u00a0Religions of China<\/a><\/div><div class=\"core\"><h4>Europe:<\/h4><a:content xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2005\/Atom\" xmlns:h=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\"><p xmlns:h=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\">Students wishing to specialize in a European country should orient their coursework accordingly.<\/p><\/a:content><br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17184\">FRNCH 301\u00a0-\u00a0French Society and Culture<\/a> *<br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17186\">FRNCH 310\u00a0-\u00a0From Romance to Revolution<\/a> *<br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17187\">FRNCH 320\u00a0-\u00a0The Avant-Garde<\/a> *<br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17188\">FRNCH 330\u00a0-\u00a0\"The Empire Writes Back\"<\/a> *<br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=20863\">FRNCH 365\u00a0-\u00a0Health, Illness, and Bodies<\/a> *<br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17191\">FRNCH 370\u00a0-\u00a0Writing and Public Life<\/a> *<br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=20864\">FRNCH 375\u00a0-\u00a0Back to Nature: French Culture and its Environment<\/a> *<br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=20865\">FRNCH 380\u00a0-\u00a0La\u00efcit\u00e9: State-Secularism and Religion \u00e0 la fran\u00e7aise<\/a> *<br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17234\">GERMN 305\u00a0-\u00a0Advanced German in a Cultural Context<\/a> *<br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17236\">GERMN 325\u00a0-\u00a0German Culture<\/a> *<br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17239\">GERMN 360\u00a0-\u00a0Topics in German Culture<\/a> *<br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17262\">HIST 109\u00a0-\u00a0Europe in the Age of Modernization and Revolution, 1648-1914<\/a><br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17263\">HIST 110\u00a0-\u00a0Europe in the Age of Dictatorship and Democracy, 1914-Present<\/a><br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17270\">HIST 155\u00a0-\u00a0The Soviet Century, 1917-Present<\/a><br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17271\">HIST 157\u00a0-\u00a0History of Modern France, 1789-Present<\/a><br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17272\">HIST 159\u00a0-\u00a0History of Modern Germany<\/a><br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17299\">HIST 306\u00a0-\u00a0Enlightenment and Absolutism<\/a> *<br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17301\">HIST 310\u00a0-\u00a0Europe at the Turn of the Century, 1880-1917<\/a> *<br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17302\">HIST 312\u00a0-\u00a0State and Society Under Communism and Fascism<\/a> *<br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17872\">HIST 313\u00a0-\u00a0The Third Reich and the Holocaust<\/a> *<br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17619\">POLSC 226\u00a0-\u00a0Government and Politics of Europe<\/a><br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17639\">POLSC 329\u00a0-\u00a0Islam, Migration & Race in Western Europe<\/a><br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17653\">POLSC 427\u00a0-\u00a0The European Union<\/a><br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17799\">SPAN 320\u00a0-\u00a0Stories and Storytelling<\/a> *<br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17801\">SPAN 330\u00a0-\u00a0Topics in Hispanic Popular Culture<\/a> *<br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17804\">SPAN 360\u00a0-\u00a0Contesting Authority<\/a> *<br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17806\">SPAN 385\u00a0-\u00a0Introduction to Hispanic Culture through Film<\/a> *<br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17808\">SPAN 420\u00a0-\u00a0Nationalisms<\/a> *<br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17809\">SPAN 430\u00a0-\u00a0Race, Gender and Power<\/a> *<br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17810\">SPAN 440\u00a0-\u00a0Narrating Selves: Hispanic Literature in Contemporary Cultural Context<\/a> *<br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17811\">SPAN 445\u00a0-\u00a0Topics in Hispanic Film<\/a> *<br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17812\">SPAN 485\u00a0-\u00a0Hispanic Film, From Text to Screen<\/a> *<\/div><div class=\"core\"><h4>Latin America:<\/h4><a:content xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2005\/Atom\"\/><br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17265\">HIST 116\u00a0-\u00a0Colonial Latin America<\/a><br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17266\">HIST 117\u00a0-\u00a0Modern Latin American History<\/a><br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17320\">HIST 365\u00a0-\u00a0Conquest! Latin America 1492-1600<\/a> *<br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17321\">HIST 366\u00a0-\u00a0Dictators and Development in Latin America<\/a> *<br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17622\">POLSC 235\u00a0-\u00a0Government and Politics of Latin America<\/a><br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17627\">POLSC 261\u00a0-\u00a0U.S.-Latin American Relations<\/a><br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17640\">POLSC 330\u00a0-\u00a0Megacities<\/a> *<br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17799\">SPAN 320\u00a0-\u00a0Stories and Storytelling<\/a> *<br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17801\">SPAN 330\u00a0-\u00a0Topics in Hispanic Popular Culture<\/a> *<br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17804\">SPAN 360\u00a0-\u00a0Contesting Authority<\/a> *<br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17806\">SPAN 385\u00a0-\u00a0Introduction to Hispanic Culture through Film<\/a> *<br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17809\">SPAN 430\u00a0-\u00a0Race, Gender and Power<\/a> *<br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17810\">SPAN 440\u00a0-\u00a0Narrating Selves: Hispanic Literature in Contemporary Cultural Context<\/a> *<br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17811\">SPAN 445\u00a0-\u00a0Topics in Hispanic Film<\/a> *<br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17812\">SPAN 485\u00a0-\u00a0Hispanic Film, From Text to Screen<\/a> *<\/div><div class=\"core\"><h4>Middle East and North Africa:<\/h4><a:content xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2005\/Atom\"\/><br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=16761\">ARAB 250\u00a0-\u00a0Modern Arabic Novel in Translation<\/a><br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=20861\">FRNCH 302\u00a0-\u00a0Francophone Societies and Culture<\/a> *<br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17188\">FRNCH 330\u00a0-\u00a0\"The Empire Writes Back\"<\/a> *<br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17870\">HIST 123\u00a0-\u00a0A History of the Ottoman Empire, 1300-1918<\/a><br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17871\">HIST 124\u00a0-\u00a0A History of the Modern Middle East, 1839-present<\/a><br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17873\">HIST 358\u00a0-\u00a0Migrants & Refugees in the 20th Century<\/a> *<br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17874\">HIST 360\u00a0-\u00a0Middle East Nationalisms<\/a> *<br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17621\">POLSC 232\u00a0-\u00a0Government and Politics of the Middle East<\/a><br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17645\">POLSC 354\u00a0-\u00a0War and Peace in the Middle East<\/a> *<br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17646\">POLSC 355\u00a0-\u00a0The Arab-Israeli Conflict<\/a> *<br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17657\">POLSC 459\u00a0-\u00a0Civil Wars<\/a> *<br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17850\">POLSC 587\u00a0-\u00a0Seminar: Comparative Politics - National<\/a> *<br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17749\">RELST 115\u00a0-\u00a0Religion in the Ancient Near East<\/a><br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17751\">RELST 120\u00a0-\u00a0The Faith of Ancient Israel<\/a><br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17753\">RELST 140\u00a0-\u00a0Islam: Faith, History, and Culture<\/a><br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17754\">RELST 144\u00a0-\u00a0Modern Islamic Movements<\/a><br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17756\">RELST 147\u00a0-\u00a0Judaism<\/a><br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17851\">RELST 171\u00a0-\u00a0Islam and Other Religions<\/a><br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17763\">RELST 188\u00a0-\u00a0Encountering the Other: Judaism's Relations with Christianity and Islam<\/a><br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17767\">RELST 215\u00a0-\u00a0Marriage and Sexuality in Islam<\/a><br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17768\">RELST 222\u00a0-\u00a0The Qur'an<\/a><br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17772\">RELST 229\u00a0-\u00a0The Hebrew Bible<\/a><br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17786\">SOCAN 200\u00a0-\u00a0Introduction to Cultural Anthropology<\/a><\/div><div class=\"core\"><h3>An approved seminar:<\/h3><a:content xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2005\/Atom\" xmlns:h=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\"><ul xmlns:h=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\"><li><strong>An approved seminar<\/strong>. A list of approved seminars is provided on the International Studies <a href=\"http:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/intstudies\/\" target=\"_blank\">web site<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/a:content><\/div><div class=\"core\"><h3>Senior Project:<\/h3><a:content xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2005\/Atom\" xmlns:h=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\"><p xmlns:h=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\">The Senior Project is a joint effort involving the Departments of Economics, History, Modern and Classical Languages, and Political Science.<\/p><\/a:content><br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17360\">INTST 600\u00a0-\u00a0Senior Project I<\/a><br><a class=\"course-link\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=24&coid=17361\">INTST 610\u00a0-\u00a0Senior Project II<\/a><\/div><div class=\"core\"><h3>Facility in a Modern Foreign Language:<\/h3><a:content xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2005\/Atom\" xmlns:h=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\"><p xmlns:h=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\">Facility in a modern foreign language at a level of skill acceptable to the Department of Modern and Classical Languages. In all cases, students are encouraged to consult with the Modern and Classical Languages Department faculty.<\/p><ul xmlns:h=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\"><li><strong>Students studying German, French or Spanish<\/strong> must complete three courses at or above the 300-level in the language of focus. Language courses listed under the Area Studies category may be used to demonstrate this facility, which is also assessed through the use of the foreign language in the Senior Project and student performance in the Senior Project Oral Examination. Students will write a 15-page summary of the Senior Project in the language selected, and at least ten minutes of the oral defense of the Senior Project will be conducted in the language.<\/li>\n\t<li><strong>International Studies majors focusing on East Asia <\/strong>should take at least five semesters of Chinese language courses, including one course at or above the 300-level.Students will write a summary in Chinese of approximately 1,500 characters, and a short oral examination (approximately ten minutes) will be conducted in that language during the final oral defense.<\/li>\n\t<li><strong>International Studies majors focusing on Middle East and North\u00a0Africa<\/strong> must take four courses in Modern Standard Arabic. Students will write a 200-word (minimum) summary in Arabic as well as a glossary of terms, and a short oral examination (approximately five minutes) will be conducted in that language during the final oral defense.<\/li>\n<\/ul><p xmlns:h=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\">Any exceptions or exemptions to the requirements for the major must be approved by the program Chair.<\/p><\/a:content><\/div><br \/>\n<hr><div class=\"box box-info box-align-\"><h4><i class=\"fa fa-info\"><\/i><span>Academic Bulletin<\/span><\/h4>Visit the Academic Bulletinfor information on all majors, minors, and other programs at Allegheny college.\n<p><a target=\"_self\" class=\"button icon button-lg block  yellow\" href=\"http:\/\/catalog.allegheny.edu\"><i class=\"fa fa-book  pull-left\"><\/i>Visit the Allegheny College Academic Bulletin<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":560,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"https:\/\/allegheny.edu\/academics\/programs\/international-studies\/","_links_to_target":""},"class_list":["post-775","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/775","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/560"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=775"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/775\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.allegheny.edu\/international-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=775"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}]